Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has pioneered the use of observational research for evaluating energy efficient technologies in the built environment.

PNNL's Ocean Dynamics Modeling group studies coastal processes such as marine-hydrokinetic energy, coastal circulations, storm surge and extreme waves, tsunamis, sediment transport and nutrient-macroalgal dynamics.

The RD2C laboratory-directed research initiative seeks to develop resilient, adaptive, and intelligent sensing and control algorithms through the observational understanding and characterization of CPSs under adverse conditions.