Extensive in situ and remote sensing measurements were collected to address data gaps and better understand the interactions of convective clouds and the surrounding environment.
Continued studies will deepen scientists’ understanding of virus-host interactions at the molecular level and also pave the way for developing better drugs to fight emerging viruses.
Scientists map how transitions from day to night control gene regulatory networks in cyanobacteria, revealing key orchestrators of metabolic switching.
PNNL Earth scientist Alison Delgado will serve as an author for the “Science of Response Management” chapter of the Sixth National Climate Assessment (NCA6.)
Pyrocumulonimbus clouds are increasing in frequency as large wildfires become more prevalent in a warming climate. These clouds can inject smoke particles into the atmosphere, where they can remain suspended for several months.
Using numerical simulations to reproduce the laboratory experiments, this study reveals that liquid droplets are present near the bottom surface, which warms and moistens the air in the chamber.
Researchers found that in a future where the Great Plains are 4 to 6 degrees Celsius (°C) warmer as projected in a high-emission scenario, these storms could bring three times more intense rainfall.