March 20, 2018
Feature

Importance of Model Ensembles for Estimates of Regional Climate Uncertainty

Researchers find use of a large single-model ensemble or small ensembles from multiple models and scenarios can consistently quantify internal variability

Photo of Earth from NASA satellite
Analyzing climate projections from the west coast helped establish important guidance for model ensemble design.

The Science

To better understand and predict changes to Earth's energy balance, researchers must know the limitations of their climate projections. These limitations are largely related to dynamic processes inherent to natural systems, referred to as internal variability.

Scientists at the University of Washington and the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory analyzed climate projections for the west coast of North America. They found that internal variability can be quantified consistently using a large single-model ensemble or an "ensemble of opportunity," which consists of small ensembles from multiple models for multiple climate scenarios. This finding has important implications for designing ensemble modeling to quantify regional climate uncertainties.

The Impact

Several modeling centers have devoted significant resources to creating large single-model ensembles to represent different realizations of possible climate scenarios due to internal variability. At the same time, multimodel ensembles have been produced to quantify uncertainty from multiple sources, such as models, scenarios, and internal variability.

By comparing the internal variability estimated from a large single-model ensemble and a multimodel ensemble, this study provides important guidance for designing ensemble modeling to quantify multiple sources of uncertainty under the constraints of computational resources.

Summary

Internal variability in the Earth system can contribute substantial uncertainty in climate projections, particularly at regional scales. Internal variability can be quantified using large ensembles of simulations that are identical but for perturbed initial conditions.

In this study, scientists compared methods for quantifying internal variability. They analyzed climate projections for the west coast of North America, which is strongly influenced by El Niño and other large-scale dynamics through their contribution to large-scale internal variability.

Using a statistical framework to simultaneously account for multiple sources of uncertainty, researchers found that internal variability can be quantified consistently using a large single-model ensemble or an ensemble of opportunity that includes small ensembles from multiple models and climate scenarios. The latter ensemble also produces estimates of uncertainty due to model differences.

These findings suggest that projection uncertainties are best assessed using small single-model ensembles from as many model/scenario pairings as are computationally feasible, which has implications for ensemble design in large modeling efforts.

Acknowledgments

Sponsors: The U.S. Department of Energy Office of ScienceBiological and Environmental Research supported this research as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling programthrough the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling (WACCEM) Scientific Focus Area.

Reference: N. Goldenson, G. Mauger, L.R. Leung, C.M. Bitz, A. Rhines, "Effects of Ensemble Configuration on Estimates of Regional Climate Uncertainties." Geophysical Research Letters 45, 926-934 (2018). [DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076297]

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About PNNL

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory draws on its distinguishing strengths in chemistry, Earth sciences, biology and data science to advance scientific knowledge and address challenges in energy resiliency and national security. Founded in 1965, PNNL is operated by Battelle and supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit the DOE Office of Science website. For more information on PNNL, visit PNNL's News Center. Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram.

Published: March 20, 2018