At the time ISDD was developed, the effective density of agglomerates was estimated from parameters describing how primary particles packed to form agglomerates.  DeLoid and colleagues from the Harvard laboratory of Dr. Phil Demokritou developed a simple centrifugation method for measuring the effective density of agglomerates.  This is the preferred method for applying ISDD to the simulation of agglomerates. For many particles, the agglomeration density estimated by the model and the value measured experimentally are similar. For information on the method and its application, please refer to the publications below.

DeLoid, G., J.M. Cohen, T. Darrah, R. Derk, L. Rojanasakul, G. Pyrgiotakis, W. Wohlleben, and P. Demokritou, Estimating the effective density of engineered nanomaterials for in vitro dosimetry. Nat Commun, 2014. 5: p. 3514.

Cohen, J.M., J.G. Teeguarden, and P. Demokritou, An integrated approach for the in vitro dosimetry of engineered nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol, 2014. 11: p. 20.