COMPLEMENTARY WORKFLOWS FOR IDENTIFYING ONE-HOP NETWORK BEHAVIOR AND MULTI-HOP NETWORK DEPENDENCIES
Enterprise networks are large, complex, and dynamic networks that must simultaneously satisfy an often disparate set of objectives. Comprising of multitude of network services and applications, understanding the functional relationships—a superset of dependencies--between components is paramount in support of business and missions. Understanding these relationships directly bolsters network management, fault detection and localization, and proactive and resilient cybersecurity defenses. The overview of the invention is as follows: starting from network flow information (NetFlow, IPFIX, etc.), a network flow information record is transformed, providing user-defined labels to the addresses and network engineering labels to other elements of the record. A tuple is created comprising elements of the record information, along with the transformed information. In the proof of concept, we define the tuple as (local network label, remote network label, remote network (IP) address, protocol, protocol information). Depending on the observation point of the flow sensor, the tuple can be expanded to included application, e.g, ('outlook", local network label, remote network label, remote network (IP) address, protocol, protocol information). An association rule algorithms—in our case, reinforced executions of frequent pattern (FP) growth—discovers relations between the elements of all the tuples. In simulated network testing, these relationships have characterized host-based network and application dependencies.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SEPARATING YTTRIUM AND STRONTIUM (iEdison No. 0685901-17-0017)
PNNL has developed a method for the production of high-purity 90Y from 90Sr stocks. The method was designed such that it could be fully automated. The objective of the development work was to devise a process that could purify multi-Ci levels of 90Y. As this level of radiation would require the use of hot cells for production, automation is a highly desirable feature. Also, since the radiotoxicity of 90Sr is so great (bone seeker, 30 year half-life), the degree of chemical purity of the 90Y is immense ( > /= 1x10^6 degrees of purity). Therefore, PNNL designed a tandem column purification process, which allows the 90Y to be purified across two columns placed in tandem. PNNL surveyed a wide range of inorganic sorbents for use in the 90Y purification process. In previous research (Lynntech project and associated PNNL patent (attached)), we found that an antimony silicate resin possessed good properties for holding up 90Sr while allowing 90Y to pass through (though inefficiently) in a HCl matrix. However, for multi-Ci levels of 90Y production, a generator system with 90Sr affixed to the inorganic sorbent would degrade quickly due to radiolysis. Hence, PNNL developed a new type of generator, wherein the 90Sr is contained in a "liquid cow" versus a "column-bound cow". In this manner, the radioactivity would be stored outside of the purification system, thus minimizing radiolytic degradation of the system. Tandem column generator -- PRIMARY COLUMN LOAD: A recent Chinese publication (attached) described a method wherein antimony silicate nanocrystals could be formed. The researchers then characterized the 90Sr sorption properties onto these nanocrystals in HCl media. Since nanocrystals cannot be used in a generator column, PNNL extrapolated that basic premise of the reaction and used it to co-form antimony silicate nanocrystals into / onto a silica gel support (which could be used in a column format). Through parametric optimization of the synthesis process, we determined that an antimony silicate resin could be formed without incorporation of these nanocrystals on the Si gel surface. Rather, we were able to form an antimony silicate complex directly on the Si gel surface structures. This approach yielded the best separation factors for 90Y from 90Sr. Furthermore, PNNL needed to use the antimony silicate resin in "reverse" of the configuration that was used in the earlier patent (and also described in the recent Chinese publication). Instead of 90Sr being bound to the resin and 90Y passing through, we needed a process wherein the 90Sr would pass through the resin and temporarily retain the 90Y (this is necessary to avoid extreme radiolysis of multi-Ci 90Sr sources). We found that in concentrated formic acid, 90Sr has no affinity for the resin and 90Y has a good affinity for it. Therefore, a 90Sr stock solution can be passed through the resin column to extract all the 90Y, and the 90Sr stock solution can be cycled back to its storage container. Tandem column generator -- PRIMARY COLUMN TRANSFER TO SECONDARY COLUMN: PNNL determined that a dilute solution of HCl was effective in removing the sorbed 90Y from the antimony silicate column. Additionally, we determined that a tiny column of HDEHP-impregnated chromatography resin (sold as Ln Resin by Eichrom Technologies) would adsorb 90Y in dilute HCl. Therefore, the dilute HCl solution could be used to "transfer" 90Y from the primary column to the secondary column. Importantly, any trace / residual 90Sr that would pass to the secondary column would not be retained on the secondary column. Hence, the method has two degrees of purification. Tandem column generator -- SECONDARY COLUMN ELUTION: PNNL determined that stronger HCl (1 to > 6 M) was highly effective at eluting 90Y from the secondary column. Virtually all the 90Y could be eluted from the secondary column in
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTEGRATING ION MOBILITY AND ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETERS
Described herein are examples of systems and methods for integrating IMS and MS systems. In certain examples, systems and methods for decoding double multiplexed data are described. The systems and methods can also perform multiple refining procedures in order to minimize the demultiplexing artifacts. The systems and methods can be used, for example, for the analysis of proteomic and petroleum samples, where the integration of IMS and high mass resolution are used for accurate assignment of molecular formulae.
CONTROL APPROACH FOR POWER MODULATION OF END-USE LOADS
Proposed a novel control methodology to modulate the aggregated power of a population of heterogeneous end-use loads to follow desired power modulation signals Applied proposed control methodology for end-use loads to provide two different grid services Frequency regulation Damping of inter-area oscillations Technical novelties: Novel signal decomposition method to facilitate load controller design so that heterogeneous end-use loads can provide the service of frequency regulation for the first time (in the literature, only homogeneous end-use loads were considered for frequency regulation) With proposed control approach, it is also for the first time that end-use loads can damp inter-area oscillations for improving grid reliability (in the literature, only transmission-level control was considered)
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF STORING AND ANALYZING INFORMATION
SGEM is a scalable semantic graph databse. The software platform comprises three major components: 1) a SPARQL to C compiler, 2) a mulithreaded graph library (SGLib), and 3) a custom mulithreaded runtime layer (GMT). The compiler converts SPARQL queries to data parallel C code with calls to SGLib and GMT methods. SGLib is a llibrary of graph methods and data structures. It includes methods to ingest RDF triple files, store data in a compressed neighbor graph, and multithreaded graph algorithms customized for query processing and GMT. GMT is a mulithreaded runtime system for comoodity servers, clusters, and cloud systems customized for query processing. GMT manages a global address space, tread scheduling, and data aggregation.
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF STORING AND ANALYZING INFORMATION
SGEM is a scalable semantic graph databse. The software platform comprises three major components: 1) a SPARQL to C compiler, 2) a mulithreaded graph library (SGLib), and 3) a custom mulithreaded runtime layer (GMT). The compiler converts SPARQL queries to data parallel C code with calls to SGLib and GMT methods. SGLib is a llibrary of graph methods and data structures. It includes methods to ingest RDF triple files, store data in a compressed neighbor graph, and multithreaded graph algorithms customized for query processing and GMT. GMT is a mulithreaded runtime system for comoodity servers, clusters, and cloud systems customized for query processing. GMT manages a global address space, tread scheduling, and data aggregation.
METHOD FOR HEAT-TREATING METAL MATERIALS
A method for heat treating metal materials by passing electrical current through a metallic workpiece to heat the workpiece via Joule heating to a preselected temperature for a preselected period of time, based upon the formula I.sup.2.times.R.times.t, wherein I is current, R is resistance and t is time. The current may be a direct or an alternating one. Various configurations of the method are envisioned wherein multiple current inputs and outputs are attached to the metal material so as to selectively heat specific portions of the piece including irregular shapes and differing diameters.
Method and Apparatus for Enhanced in Vivo MRI Imaging
Techniques described herein combine conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with novel image processing and analysis tools to develop methods for evaluating localized disease state in patients with emphysema, fibrosis, edema, or any combination of these. The imaging techniques employed are spatially sensitive, allowing for more precise diagnosis than spirometry, and do not expose the patient to ionizing radiation. Emphysema will be detected through imaging and analysis that is sensitive to local compliance changes, while fibrosis and edema will be detected and classified through measurements of the distribution, density, and environment of water molecules. It is envisioned that both of these imaging techniques would be employed, if necessary, during a single imaging session. Combination of these techniques into one image/analysis package would provide a powerful MRI tool for disease evaluation and diagnosis. In addition to clinical application, these combined tools would be valuable for large-scale pre-clinical animal studies for assessment of: disease phenotype, severity, progression, and localization; thereby facilitating targeted tissue harvesting, guiding molecular analysis, and preventing blind sacrifice.
System and Process for Aluminization of Metal-Containing Substrates
A system and method are detailed for aluminizing surfaces of metallic substrates, parts, and components with a protective alumina layer in-situ. Aluminum (Al) foil sandwiched between the metallic components and a refractory material when heated in an oxidizing gas under a compression load at a selected temperature forms the protective alumina coating on the surface of the metallic components. The alumina coating minimizes evaporation of volatile metals from the metallic substrates, parts, and components in assembled devices during operation at high temperature that can degrade performance.