Michael Rinker
TRANSACTIVE CONTROL AND COORDINATION FRAMEWORK AND ASSOCIATED TOOLKIT FUNCTIONS
"Transactive control and coordination" features market-like mechanisms for the selection of resources and demand-side assets in an electric power grid. Battelle has been developing this technology at its Pacific Northwest National Laboratory since the 1990's and completed an often-cited field pilot demonstrations of one embodiment of the technology in its Gridwise Olymipic Peninsula Project [PNNL 2007]. Battelle presently leads the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration, an ARRA project that also includes participants from 11 utiltiy sites, the Bonneville Power Administration, and about seven entities that are helping Battelle formulate, implement, and test an embodiment of transactive control and coordination. The new embodiment was found necessary and was influenced by the geographical expanse of the demonstration (a five-state region), the fact that the demonstration operates across grid regulation and business boundaries, the immense diversity of participating resources and loads to be coordinated, and the fact that the embodiment must function at multiple scales (both large areas of the transmission region and at individual devices). The locations on the electric power grid that complete the algorithms of the embodiment are herein called "transactive nodes." This invention report first incorporates the "algorithmic framework," the highest-level algorithmic responsibilities that are to be conducted at a transactive node. A document was drafted by Battelle staff that teaches the algorithmic framework. Two functional blocks within the algorithmic framework allow for the further incorporation of (1) "toolkit resource functions" and (2) 'toolkit load functions." Depending on the unique features extant at a given transactive node (e.g., certain types of generation resources, inelastic electrical loads, other loads that might be responsive to a price-like signal in a demand-responsive way), one or more toolkit functions and their unique functionality may be incorprated. These toolkit functions respectively modify the formulation of the price-like signal by the framework, or modify the amount of load that is to be generated or consumed by assets at this grid location. The functions also advise the control of responsive assets.
TRANSACTIVE CONTROL FRAMEWORK AND TOOLKIT FUNCTIONS
"Transactive control and coordination" features market-like mechanisms for the selection of resources and demand-side assets in an electric power grid. Battelle has been developing this technology at its Pacific Northwest National Laboratory since the 1990's and completed an often-cited field pilot demonstrations of one embodiment of the technology in its Gridwise Olymipic Peninsula Project [PNNL 2007]. Battelle presently leads the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration, an ARRA project that also includes participants from 11 utiltiy sites, the Bonneville Power Administration, and about seven entities that are helping Battelle formulate, implement, and test an embodiment of transactive control and coordination. The new embodiment was found necessary and was influenced by the geographical expanse of the demonstration (a five-state region), the fact that the demonstration operates across grid regulation and business boundaries, the immense diversity of participating resources and loads to be coordinated, and the fact that the embodiment must function at multiple scales (both large areas of the transmission region and at individual devices). The locations on the electric power grid that complete the algorithms of the embodiment are herein called "transactive nodes." This invention report first incorporates the "algorithmic framework," the highest-level algorithmic responsibilities that are to be conducted at a transactive node. A document was drafted by Battelle staff that teaches the algorithmic framework. Two functional blocks within the algorithmic framework allow for the further incorporation of (1) "toolkit resource functions" and (2) 'toolkit load functions." Depending on the unique features extant at a given transactive node (e.g., certain types of generation resources, inelastic electrical loads, other loads that might be responsive to a price-like signal in a demand-responsive way), one or more toolkit functions and their unique functionality may be incorprated. These toolkit functions respectively modify the formulation of the price-like signal by the framework, or modify the amount of load that is to be generated or consumed by assets at this grid location. The functions also advise the control of responsive assets.
Letter to the Editor: H-1, C-13 and N-15 Assignments for the Archaeglobus fulgidis Protein AF2095.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATIONAL METHODS (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0217)
For seamless integration of offshore renewable generation with onshore grid using LF-HVac network it is essential to develop a robust protection system. Under low frequency transmission, the transmission line impedance is reduced that helps to increase the power transfer capability of the system. Power transfer capabilities are almost comparable to HVdc systems under very low frequencies. The key difference between developing a protection scheme for LF-HVac compared to a HVdc system is the essential zero-crossing of the ac current/voltage. Some literature's have proposed the use of conventional ac breakers to interrupt faults on the LF-HVac transmission side. Reduction of system impedance on the low-frequency ac side results in higher fault current. In our study we have worked on and improved a previously proposed low-frequency circuit breaker (US 9,263,880 B2). Our design and operation shows a faster interruption of the fault current. Along with that we proposed a new hybrid circuit breaker design that has a serial operating structure contrary to the parallel operating one as was previously proposed. We have extensively tested the operational characteristics of the modified design and the newly proposed serial circuit breaker design.