REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE
Redox flow battery systems having a supporting solution that contains Cl− ions can exhibit improved performance and characteristics. Furthermore, a supporting solution having mixed SO42− and Cl− ions can provide increased energy density and improved stability and solubility of one or more of the ionic species in the catholyte and/or anolyte. According to one example, a vanadium-based redox flow battery system is characterized by an anolyte having V2+ and V3+ in a supporting solution and a catholyte having V4+ and V5+ in a supporting solution. The supporting solution can contain Cl− ions or a mixture of SO42− and Cl− ions.
REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE
Redox flow battery systems having a supporting solution that contains CD ions can exhibit improved performance and characteristics. Furthermore, a supporting solution having mixed S042- and CD ions can provide increased energy density and improved stability and solubility of one or more of the ionic species in the catholyte and/or anolyte. According to one example, a vanadium-based redox flow battery system is characterized by an anolyte having V2+ and V3+ in a supporting solution and a catholyte having V4+ and V5+ in a supporting solution. The supporting solution can contain CD ions or a mixture of S042- and CD ions.
REDOX FLOW BATTERIES BASED ON SUPPORTING SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE
Redox flow battery systems having a supporting solution that contains Cl− ions can exhibit improved performance and characteristics. Furthermore, a supporting solution having mixed SO42− and Cl− ions can provide increased energy density and improved stability and solubility of one or more of the ionic species in the catholyte and/or anolyte. According to one example, a vanadium-based redox flow battery system is characterized by an anolyte having V2+ and V3+ in a supporting solution and a catholyte having V4+ and V5+ in a supporting solution. The supporting solution can contain Cl− ions or a mixture of SO42− and Cl− ions.
Redox Flow Batteries Based on Supporting Solutions Containing Chloride
Redox flow battery systems having a supporting solution that contains Cl− ions can exhibit improved performance and characteristics. Furthermore, a supporting solution having mixed SO42− and Cl− ions can provide increased energy density and improved stability and solubility of one or more of the ionic species in the catholyte and/or anolyte. According to one example, a vanadium-based redox flow battery system is characterized by an anolyte having V2+ and V3+ in a supporting solution and a catholyte having V4+ and V5+ in a supporting solution. The supporting solution can contain Cl− ions or a mixture of SO42− and Cl− ions.
Increasing Rainfall in a Warmer World Will Likely Intensify Typhoons in the Western Pacific
Super typhoons grow more intense when their fresh rains reduce the ocean below's salinity.
HIGH COULOMBIC EFFICIENCY CYCLING OF METAL BATTERIES
Embodiments of a method for cycling a rechargeable alkali metal battery with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) are disclosed. A slow charge/rapid discharge protocol is used in conjunction with a concentrated electrolyte to achieve high CE in rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries, include anode-free batteries. In some examples, the CE is ≧99.8%.
Nanomaterials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
We prepared single, crystalline, Na4Mn9O18 nanowires with a polymer-pyrolysis method using polyacrylates of Na and Mn as precursor compounds. The optimized Na4Mn9O18 materials display high crystallinity and a homogeneous nanowire structure, which provides a mechanically stable structure as well as a short diffusion path for Na-ion intercalation and extraction. The Na4Mn9O18 nanowires have shown a high reversible capacity (128 mA h g-1 at 0.1C), excellent cycleability (77% capacity retention for 1000 cycles at 0.5C), and promising rate capability for Na-ion battery applications. The outstanding performance of the Na4Mn9O18 nanowires makes them a promising candidate to construct a viable and low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy storage systems.
INDIUM ZINC-BASED ALLOY ANODES FORMING POROUS STRUCTURE FOR AQUEOUS ZINC BATTERIES (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0044)
A series of InxAlyZnz (x≤0.15, y≤0.02 z ≥0.83) anodes that can form porous structure during battery cycling have been developed to achieve enhanced stability for zinc-based batteries. These anodes can be achieved through electrodeposition or other methods. These anodes during cycling result in a porous In2O3 surface that allows for zinc to be deposited into and onto the pores. The materials have result in lower cell polarization and higher cycle life without dendrite formation.
HIGH-ENERGY METAL AIR BATTERIES
Disclosed herein are embodiments of lithium/air batteries and methods of making and using the same. Certain embodiments are pouch-cell batteries encased within an oxygen-permeable membrane packaging material that is less than 2% of the total battery weight. Some embodiments include a hybrid air electrode comprising carbon and an ion insertion material, wherein the mass ratio of ion insertion material to carbon is 0.2 to 0.8. The air electrode may include hydrophobic, porous fibers. In particular embodiments, the air electrode is soaked with an electrolyte comprising one or more solvents including dimethyl ether, and the dimethyl ether subsequently is evacuated from the soaked electrode. In other embodiments, the electrolyte comprises 10-20% crown ether by weight.