PNNL

Abstract

The human microbiome is important for health and plays a role in essential metabolic functions and protection from certain pathogens. Conversely, dysbiosis of the microbiome is seen in the context of various diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that a complex microbial community containing hundreds of bacteria colonizes the healthy urinary tract, but little is known about the human urinary viruses in health and disease. To evaluate the human urinary virome in the context of kidney transplantation (tx), variations in the composition of the urinary virome were evaluated in urine samples from normal healthy volunteers as well as patients with kidney disease after they had undergone kidney tx. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis was undertaken on a selected cohort of 142 kidney tx patients and normal healthy controls, from a larger biobank of 770 kidney biopsy matched urine samples. The cohort of kidney tx patients had biopsy confirmed phenotype classification, coincident with the urine sample analyzed, of stable grafts (STA), acute rejection (AR), BK virus nephritis (BKVN) and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). 37 unique viruses were identified across all samples. Some viruses can co-exist as commensals in healthy patients and the virome composition alters with IS exposure and kidney injury. 29 viruses have not been previously described in any human studies, and may originate from environmental exposure of pesticides and intake of non-organic human diets.