As distributed energy resources (DERs) achieve higher penetration levels in distribution systems, the normal flow of power (and fault current) is no longer unidirectional, from substation source to load (or fault). The increased importance of DERs has also led to revisions in the DER interconnection standards, particularly voltage regulation and ride-through, with publication of a new IEEE Standard 1547 2018. These changes have complicated normal distribution system operation, and they will also complicate distribution system protection. The U.S. Department of Energy undertook a review of the protection state of the art for this new environment in order to identify gaps and propose near-term solutions.
Revised: November 21, 2019 |
Published: September 30, 2019
Citation
McDermott T.E., R. Fan, P. Thekkumparambath Mana, B. Vyakaranam, T. Smith, J. Hambrick, and Z. Li, et al. 2019. "Relaying for Distribution and Microgrids Evolving from Radial to Bidirectional Power Flow.".PNNL-29145.