PNNL

Abstract

Maximizing the output power of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) system for ocean buoy applications requires an understanding of the effects of sea states and wave conditions on buoy motion. Previous studies have explored the hydrodynamics of buoys for wave energy harvesting using TENGs, but they often relied on simplified models using a single wave period and pitch amplitude, which may not fully capture complex real-world sea conditions. In this study, we present a numerical simulation model of Arctic-TENG buoy dynamics to predict and optimize its mechanical behavior in the Arctic Ocean. First, a sea trial was conducted in the Pacific Ocean to collect empirical data on sea states and buoy motion. The data were used to validate the buoy simulation model, which showed a close agreement with the sea trial results, with only 13.6% and 13.2% differences in root mean square angular displacement and angular velocity of buoy motion, respectively. The verified model then was used to predict buoy motions in the Arctic Ocean and optimize the buoy design for greater angular amplitude and velocity, enhancing TENG performance. These optimizations were experimentally validated using a custom buoy motion simulator, demonstrating the Arctic Ocean TENG’s (AO-TENG) peak and average power of 22 mW and 2.5 mW at 20 M?, respectively. This power level is sufficient to support satellite communications exceeding 500 bytes daily in ocean buoys. This work not only improved the TENG power output but also provided a comprehensive design guideline for energy harvesters in remote and harsh environments like the Arctic Ocean.