High temperature (250-350°C) sodium-beta alumina batteries (NBBs) are attractive energy storage devices for renewable energy integration and other grid related applications. Currently, two technologies are commercially available in NBBs, e.g., sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery and sodium-metal halide (ZEBRA) batteries. In this study, we investigated the combination of these two chemistries with a mixed cathode. In particular, the cathode of the cell consisted of molten NaAlCl4 as a catholyte and a mixture of Ni, NaCl and Na2S as active materials. During cycling, two reversible plateaus were observed in cell voltage profiles, which matched electrochemical reactions for Na-S and Na-NiCl2 redox couples. An irreversible reaction between sulfur species and Ni was identified during initial charge at 280°C, which caused a decrease in cell capacity. The final products on discharge included Na2Sn with 1
Revised: February 18, 2013 |
Published: February 15, 2013
Citation
Lu X., J.P. Lemmon, J.Y. Kim, V.L. Sprenkle, and Z. Yang. 2013.High Energy Density Na-S/NiCl2 Hybrid Battery.Journal of Power Sources 224.PNNL-SA-91778.doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.108