Skip to main content
PNNL
About
News & Media
Careers
Events
Search
Search
Research
Scientific Discovery
Biology
Chemical Biology
Computational Biology
Ecosystem Science
Human Health
Cancer Biology
Exposure Science & Pathogen Biology
Integrative Omics
Advanced Metabolomics
Chemical Biology
Mass Spectrometry-Based Measurement Technologies
Spatial and Single-Cell Proteomics
Structural Biology
Microbiome Science
Biofuels & Bioproducts
Human Microbiome
Soil Microbiome
Synthetic Biology
Predictive Phenomics
Chemistry
Computational Chemistry
Chemical Separations
Chemical Physics
Catalysis
Earth & Coastal Sciences
Global Change
Atmospheric Science
Atmospheric Aerosols
Human-Earth System Interactions
Modeling Earth Systems
Coastal Science
Ecosystem Science
Subsurface Science
Terrestrial Aquatics
Materials Sciences
Materials in Extreme Environments
Precision Materials by Design
Science of Interfaces
Solid Phase Processing
Cold Spray
Friction Stir Welding & Processing
ShAPE
Nuclear & Particle Physics
Dark Matter
Fusion Energy Science
Neutrino Physics
Quantum Information Sciences
Energy Resiliency
Electric Grid Modernization
Emergency Response
Grid Analytics
AGM Program
Tools and Capabilities
Grid Architecture
Grid Cybersecurity
Grid Energy Storage
Transmission
Distribution
Energy Efficiency
Appliance and Equipment Standards
Building Energy Codes
Building Technologies
Advanced Building Controls
Advanced Lighting
Building-Grid Integration
Building and Grid Modeling
Commercial Buildings
Federal Buildings
Federal Performance Optimization
Resilience and Security
Residential Buildings
Building America Solution Center
Energy Efficient Technology Integration
Home Energy Score
Energy Efficient Technology Integration
Energy Storage
Electrochemical Energy Storage
Flexible Loads and Generation
Grid Integration, Controls, and Architecture
Regulation, Policy, and Valuation
Science Supporting Energy Storage
Chemical Energy Storage
Fossil Energy
Subsurface Energy Systems
Carbon Management
Carbon Capture
Carbon Storage
Carbon Utilization
Advanced Hydrocarbon Conversion
Nuclear Energy
Fuel Cycle Research
Advanced Reactors
Reactor Operations
Reactor Licensing
Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Wind Resource Characterization
Wildlife and Wind
Community Values and Ocean Co-Use
Wind Systems Integration
Wind Data Management
Distributed Wind
Marine Energy
Environmental Monitoring for Marine Energy
Marine Biofouling and Corrosion
Marine Energy Resource Characterization
Testing for Marine Energy
The Blue Economy
Hydropower
Environmental Performance of Hydropower
Hydropower Cybersecurity and Digitalization
Hydropower and the Electric Grid
Materials Science for Hydropower
Pumped Storage Hydropower
Water + Hydropower Planning
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy
Geothermal Energy
Transportation
Bioenergy Technologies
Algal Biofuels
Aviation Biofuels
Waste-to-Energy and Products
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells
Vehicle Technologies
Emission Control
Energy-Efficient Mobility Systems
Lightweight Materials
Vehicle Electrification
Vehicle Grid Integration
Environmental Management
Waste Processing
Radiation Measurement
Environmental Remediation
National Security
Chemical & Biothreat Signatures
Contraband Detection
Pathogen Science & Detection
Explosives Detection
Threat-Agnostic Biodefense
Cybersecurity
Discovery and Insight
Proactive Defense
Trusted Systems
Nuclear Material Science
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Radiological & Nuclear Detection
Nuclear Forensics
Ultra-Sensitive Nuclear Measurements
Nuclear Explosion Monitoring
Global Nuclear & Radiological Security
Stakeholder Engagement
Disaster Recovery
Global Collaborations
Legislative and Regulatory Analysis
Technical Training
Systems Integration & Deployment
Additive Manufacturing
Deployed Technologies
Rapid Prototyping
Systems Engineering
Threat Analysis
Advanced Wireless Security
5G Security
RF Signal Detection & Exploitation
Internet of Things
Maritime Security
Millimeter Wave
Mission Risk and Resilience
Data Science & Computing
Artificial Intelligence
Graph and Data Analytics
Software Engineering
Computational Mathematics & Statistics
Future Computing Technologies
Adaptive Autonomous Systems
Publications & Reports
Featured Research
People
Inventors
Lab Leadership
Lab Fellows
Staff Accomplishments
Partner with PNNL
Education
Undergraduate Students
Graduate Students
Post-graduate Students
University Faculty
University Partnerships
K-12 Educators and Students
STEM Education
STEM Workforce Development
STEM Outreach
Meet the Team
Internships
Community
Regional Impact
Philanthropy
Volunteering
Industry
Available Technologies
Industry
Industry Partnerships
Licensing & Technology Transfer
Entrepreneurial Leave
Visual Intellectual Property Search (VIPS)
Facilities & Centers
All Facilities
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User Facility
Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center
Energy Sciences Center
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Grid Storage Launchpad
Institute for Integrated Catalysis
Interdiction Technology and Integration Laboratory
PNNL Portland Research Center
PNNL Seattle Research Center
PNNL-Sequim (Marine and Coastal Research)
Radiochemical Processing Laboratory
Shallow Underground Laboratory
Generator Scorecard (iEdison No. 0685901-24-0088)
Copyright Record: 33053_1166 | Master ID: 1166 | IPID: 33053
Author
Follum,Jim
Mana,Priya T
Wang,Heng
Exploratory License
Not eligible for exploratory license
Market Sector
Energy Production and Efficiency
Energy Infrastructure