Staff information

Biography

His major areas of research interest are the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric aerosol chemistry and heterogeneous ice nucleation. Swarup utilizes microscopy, spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques to study atmospheric processes. He studies chemical aging of atmospheric particle through multi-phase atmospheric chemistry and to investigate the effect of physiochemical properties of complex atmospheric particles on heterogeneous ice nucleation and optical properties. He aims to better understand the physical chemistry of atmospheric particles controlling aerosol-cloud interactions.

Research Interests

• Aerosol and cloud interaction, heterogeneous ice nucleation, aerosol morphology and optical properties, aerosol spectro-microscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, heterogeneous chemistry

Education and Credentials

• Ph.D., Atmospheric Science (Michigan Technological University, 2009-2014)
• M.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering (University of Nevada Las Vegas, 2006-2008)
• B.Tech.,Civil Engineering (Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India, 2002-2006)

Awards and Recognitions

• Selected to attend the Atmospheric Chemistry Colloquium for Emerging Senior Scientists (ACCESS)
• Outstanding Scholarship Award, Michigan Technological University
• NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship
• Carollo Engineers Graduate Scholarship

PNNL Publications

2023

• Chen Y., R.A. Zaveri, G.W. Vandergrift, Z. Cheng, S. China, A. Zelenyuk-Imre, and J.E. Shilling. 2023. "Nonequilibrium Behavior in Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol." Environmental Science & Technology 57, no. 38:14182-14193. PNNL-SA-185113. doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c03532
• Cheng Z., M. Morgenstern, S. Henning, B. Zhang, G.C. Roberts, G.C. Roberts, and M. Fraund, et al. 2023. "Cloud condensation nuclei activity of internally mixed particle populations at a remote marine free troposphere site in the North Atlantic Ocean." Science of the Total Environment 904. PNNL-SA-185635. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166865
• El Hajj O.M., S. Hartness, G.W. Vandergrift, Y. Park, C.K. Glenn, A. Anosike, and A.R. Webb, et al. 2023. "Alkylperoxy Radicals are Responsible for the Formation of Oxygenated Primary Organic Aerosol." Science Advances 9, no. 46:Art. No. eadj2832. PNNL-SA-185995. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj2832
• Goncalves Jr S.J., H. Evangelista, J. Weis, T. Harder, S. China, S. Muller, and M.M. Marques, et al. 2023. "Stratospheric ozone depletion in the Antarctic region triggers intense changes in sea salt aerosol geochemistry." Communications Earth & Environment 4. PNNL-SA-183687. doi:10.1038/s43247-023-00739-z
• Jeong D., S.M. Mcnamara, Q. Chen, J.A. Mirrielees, J. Edebeli, K.D. Kulju, and S. Wang, et al. 2023. "Quantifying the Contributions of Aerosol- and Snow-produced ClNO2 through Observations and 1D Modeling." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 7, no. 12:2548-2561. PNNL-SA-191621. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00237
• Knopf D., P. Wang, B. Wong, J. Tomlin, D. Veghte, N. Lata, and S. China, et al. 2023. "Physicochemical characterization of free troposphere and marine boundary layer ice-nucleating particles collected by aircraft in the eastern North Atlantic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 15:8659-8681. PNNL-SA-183695. doi:10.5194/acp-23-8659-2023
• Lata N., Z. Cheng, D. Dexheimer, D. Zhang, F. Mei, and S. China. 2023. "Vertical Gradient of Size-Resolved Aerosol Compositions over the Arctic Reveals Cloud Processed Aerosol in-cloud and above Cloud." Environmental Science & Technology 57, no. 14:Pages 5501-6022. PNNL-SA-176508. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09498
• Li G., E.K. Wilbourn, Z. Cheng, J. Wieder, A. Fagerson, J. Henneberger, and G. Motos, et al. 2023. "Physicochemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Arctic Ice-Nucleating Particles Observed in Ny-Alesund in Autumn 2019." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 18:10489-10516. PNNL-SA-181357. doi:10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023
• Mathai S., D.P. Veghte, L. Kovarik, C. Mazzoleni, K. Tseng, S. Bucci, and T. Capek, et al. 2023. "Optical Properties of Individual Tar Balls in the Free Troposphere." Environmental Science & Technology 57, no. 44:16834-16842. PNNL-SA-185434. doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c03498
• Prussin A., Z. Cheng, W. Leng, S. China, and L. Marr. 2023. "Size-Resolved Elemental Composition of Respiratory Particles in Three Healthy Subjects." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 10, no. 4:356-362. PNNL-SA-179027.
• Royer H.M., M.L. Pohlker, O. Kruger, E. Blades, E. Blades, P. Sealy, and N. Lata, et al. 2023. "African Smoke Particles Act as Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Wintertime Tropical North Atlantic Boundary Layer over Barbados." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 2:981-998. PNNL-SA-174646. doi:10.5194/acp-23-981-2023
• Tan S., M. Nguyen, D. Zhang, L. Zhong, Z. Cheng, S. China, and G.E. Johnson, et al. 2023. "Electric-Field-Induced Assembly of an Ionic Liquid-Water Interphase Enables Efficient Heavy Metal Electrosorption." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, no. 37:44469-44481. PNNL-SA-182933. doi:10.1021/acsami.3c07465
• Vandergrift G.W., N. Lata, S. Mathai, A. Ijaz, Z. Cheng, M.B. Shrivastava, and J. Zhang, et al. 2023. "Case study evaluation of size-resolved molecular composition and phase state of carbonaceous particles in wildfire influenced smoke from the Pacific Northwest." Environmental Science: Atmospheres 3, no. 9:1251-1261. PNNL-SA-180821. doi:10.1039/D3EA00058C

2022

• Burrows S.M., C.S. Mccluskey, G.C. Cornwell, I. Steinke, K. Zhang, B. Zhao, and M. Zawadowicz, et al. 2022. "Ice-nucleating particles that impact clouds and climate: Observational and modeling research needs." Reviews of Geophysics 60, no. 2:Art. No. e2021RG000745. PNNL-SA-165298. doi:10.1029/2021RG000745
• Chen Q., J.A. Mirrielees, S. Thanekar, N.A. Loeb, R.M. Kirpes, L. Upchurch, and A.J. Barget, et al. 2022. "Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 23:15263-15285. PNNL-SA-174564. doi:10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022
• Cheng Z., A.V. Liyu, D. Dexheimer, N. Lata, G.R. Kulkarni, C. Longbottom, and F. Mei, et al. 2022. "An Automated Size and Time-resolved Aerosol Collector Platform Integrated with Environmental Sensors to Study the Vertical Profile of Aerosols." Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, no. 6:1263-1276. PNNL-SA-175927. doi:10.1039/D2EA00097K
• Ijaz A., W.R. Kew, S. China, S. Schum, and L.R. Mazzoleni. 2022. "Molecular Characterization of Organophosphorus Compounds in Wildfire Smoke Using 21-T Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 94, no. 42:14503-14810. PNNL-SA-170743. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00916
• Kirpes R., Z. Lei, M. Fraund, M.J. Gunsch, N.W. May, T.E. Barrett, and C.E. Moffett, et al. 2022. "Solid organic-coated ammonium sulfate particles at high relative humidity in the summertime Arctic atmosphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 119, no. 14:Art. No. e2104496119. PNNL-SA-160900. doi:10.1073/pnas.2104496119
• Knopf D., J. Charnawskas, P. Wang, B. Wong, J. Tomlin, K. Jankowski, and M. Fraund, et al. 2022. "Micro-spectroscopic and freezing characterization of ice-nucleating particles collected in the marine boundary layer in the Eastern North Atlantic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 8:5377-5398. PNNL-SA-169941.
• Morales A.C., J. Tomlin, C.P. West, F. Rivera-Adorno, B.N. Peterson, S.A. Sharpe, and Y. Noh, et al. 2022. "Atmospheric emission of nanoplastics from sewer pipe repairs." Nature Nanotechnology 17, no. 11:1171-1177. PNNL-SA-176507. doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01219-9
• Tomlin J., J. Weiss, D.P. Veghte, S. China, M. Fraund, Q. He, and N. Reicher, et al. 2022. "Chemical Composition and Morphological Analysis of Atmospheric Particles from an Intensive Bonfire Burning Festival." Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, no. 4:616-633. PNNL-SA-172265. doi:10.1039/D2EA00037G
• Vandergrift G.W., A. Shawon, D. Dexheimer, M.A. Zawadowicz, F. Mei, and S. China. 2022. "Molecular Characterization of Organosulfate-Dominated Aerosols over Agricultural Fields from the Southern Great Plains by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 6, no. 7:1733-1741. PNNL-SA-170176. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00043
• Varga T., S.M. Colby, S. China, and A. Battu. 2022. Machine learning approaches to streamline and enhance the analysis of multiscale imaging data for bioaerosol and soil particles. PNNL-32673. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Machine learning approaches to streamline and enhance the analysis of multiscale imaging data for bioaerosol and soil particles

2021

• Barkley A.E., N.E. Olson, J. Prospero, A. Gatineau, K. Panechou, N. Maynard, and P. Blackwelder, et al. 2021. "Atmospheric transport of North African dust-bearing supermicron freshwater diatoms to South America: implications for iron transport to the equatorial North Atlantic Ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 5:e2020GL090476. PNNL-SA-155874. doi:10.1029/2020GL090476
• Brege M., S. China, S. Schum, A. Zelenyuk-Imre, and L.R. Mazzoleni. 2021. "Extreme Molecular Complexity Resulting in a Continuum of Carbonaceous Species in Biomass Burning Tar Balls From Wildfire Smoke." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 5, no. 10:2729-2739. PNNL-SA-162549. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00141
• Cheng Z., N. Sharma, K. Tseng, L. Kovarik, and S. China. 2021. "Direct Observation and Assessment of Phase States of Ambient and Lab-generated Sub-micron Particles upon Humidification." RSC Advances 11, no. 25:15264-15272. PNNL-SA-158604. doi:10.1039/d1ra02530a
• Goncalves Jr S.J., J. Weis, S. China, H. Evangelista, T. Harder, S. Muller, and M. Sampaio, et al. 2021. "Photochemical reactions on aerosols at West Antarctica: A molecular case-study of nitrate formation among sea salt aerosols." Science of the Total Environment 758. PNNL-SA-158217. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143586
• Kew W.R., S. China, and G.C. Jansson. 2021. Molecular level characterization of wildfire aerosol induced changes to plant health and value. PNNL-31970. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Molecular level characterization of wildfire aerosol induced changes to plant health and value
• Knopf D., K. Barry, T. Brubaker, L. Jahl, K. Jankowski, J. Li, and Y. Lu, et al. 2021. "Aerosol-Ice Formation Closure: A Southern Great Plains Field Campaign." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102, no. 10:E1952-E1971. PNNL-SA-160035. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0151.1
• Lata N., B. Zhang, S. Schum, L.R. Mazzoleni, R.C. Brimberry, M.A. Marcus, and W. Cantrell, et al. 2021. "Aerosol composition, mixing state and phase state of free tropospheric particles and their role in ice cloud formation." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 5, no. 12:3499-3510. PNNL-SA-165294. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00315
• Lybrand R.A., D. Veghte, S. China, D. Zaharescu, C.R. Anderton, R. Aleman, and P. Schroeder, et al. 2021. "Deciphering the incipient phases of ice-mineral interactions as a precursor of physical weathering." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 5, no. 5:1233-1241. PNNL-SA-157793. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00345
• Rivas-Ubach A., B.A. Stanfill, S. China, L. Pasa-Tolic, A.B. Guenther, and A.L. Steiner. 2021. "Deciphering the source of primary biological aerosol particles: a pollen case study." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 5, no. 4:969-979. PNNL-SA-157720. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00295
• Rivas-Ubach A., S. China, P. Pande, and X. Zheng. 2021. Characterizing the contribution of bioaerosols diversity from complex aerosol particle samples. PNNL-31972. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Characterizing the contribution of bioaerosols diversity from complex aerosol particle samples.
• Tomlin J., K. Jankowski, D.P. Veghte, S. China, P. Wang, M. Fraund, and J. Weis, et al. 2021. "Impact of dry intrusion events on the composition and mixing state of particles during the winter Aerosol and Cloud Experiment in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 24:18123-18146. PNNL-SA-164890. doi:10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021

2020

• China S., D.P. Veghte, A. Ahkami, J. Weis, G.C. Jansson, A.B. Guenther, and M.K. Gilles, et al. 2020. "Microanalysis of Primary Biological Particles from Model Grass Over its Lifecycle." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 4, no. 10:1895-1905. PNNL-SA-155549. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00144
• Fierce L., T.B. Onasch, C. Cappa, C. Mazzoleni, S. China, J. Bhandari, and P. Davidovits, et al. 2020. "Radiative Absorption Enhancements By Black Carbon Controlled By Particle-to-particle Heterogeneity In Composition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 117, no. 10:5196-5203. PNNL-SA-151749. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919723117
• Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, B.E. Matthews, A.K. Battu, S. China, T. Varga, and A. Devaraj, et al. 2020. "Carbonaceous deposits on aluminide coatings in tritium-producing assemblies." Nuclear Materials and Energy 25. PNNL-SA-153196. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2020.100797
• Kirpes R.M., B.L. Rodriguez, S. Kim, S. China, A. Laskin, K. Park, and J. Jung, et al. 2020. "Influence of Marine Emissions and Atmospheric Processing on Individual Particle Composition of Summertime Arctic Aerosol in the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 5:1201-1213. PNNL-SA-148936. doi:10.1039/C9EM00495E
• Kulkarni G.R., N. Hiranuma, O. Mohler, K. Hoehler, S. China, D.J. Cziczo, and P.J. DeMott. 2020. "A new method for operating a continuous-flow diffusion chamber to investigate immersion freezing: assessment and performance study." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 12:6631-6643. PNNL-SA-147576. doi:10.5194/amt-13-6631-2020
• McNamara S.M., K.R. Kolesar, S. Wang, R.M. Kirpes, N.W. May, M.J. Gunsch, and R.D. Cook, et al. 2020. "Observation of Road Salt Aerosol Driving Inland Wintertime Atmospheric Chlorine Chemistry." ACS Central Science 6, no. 5:684-694. PNNL-SA-144344. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.9b00994
• Tomlin J.M., K. Jankowski, F. Rivera-Adorno, M.W. Fraund, S. China, B.H. Stirm, and R. Kaeser, et al. 2020. "Chemical Imaging of Fine Mode Atmospheric Particles Collected from a Research Aircraft over Agricultural Fields." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 4, no. 11:2171-2184. PNNL-SA-155550. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00172
• Zaveri R.A., J.E. Shilling, A. Zelenyuk-Imre, M.A. Zawadowicz, K.J. Suski, S. China, and D.M. Bell, et al. 2020. "Particle-phase diffusion modulates partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds to aged secondary organic aerosol." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 5:2595-2605. PNNL-SA-147224. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05514

2019

• Bhandari J., S. China, G. Girotto, B. Scarnato, K. Gorkowski, A. Aiken, and M.K. Dubey, et al. 2019. "Optical properties and radiative forcing of fractal-like tar ball aggregates from biomass burning." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 230. PNNL-SA-138061. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.01.032
• Bhandari J., S. China, K.K. Chandrakar, G. Kinney, W. Cantrell, R.A. Shaw, and L.R. Mazzoleni, et al. 2019. "Extensive Soot Compaction by Cloud Processing from Laboratory and Field Observations." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1:11824. PNNL-SA-143342. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48143-y
• Irish V.E., S. Hanna, M.D. Willis, S. China, J.L. Thomas, J.B. Wentzell, and A. Cirisan, et al. 2019. "Ice nucleating particles in the marine boundary layer in the Canadian Arctic during summer 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2:1027-1039. PNNL-SA-138062. doi:10.5194/acp-19-1027-2019

2018

• China S., S.M. Burrows, B. Wang, T. Harder, J. Weis, M. Tanarhte, and L.V. Rizzo, et al. 2018. "Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin." Nature Communications 9. PNNL-SA-130861. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07066-4
• Creamean J., R.M. Kirpes, K.A. Pratt, N.J. Spada, M. Maahn, G. de Boer, and R.C. Schnell, et al. 2018. "Marine and terrestrial influences on ice nucleating particles during continuous springtime measurements in an Arctic oilfield location." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 24:18023-18042. PNNL-SA-135739. doi:10.5194/acp-18-18023-2018
• Girotto G., S. China, J. Bhandari, K. Gorkowski, B. Scarnatio, T. Capek, and A. Marinoni, et al. 2018. "Fractal-like Tar Ball Aggregates from Wildfire Smoke." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5, no. 6:360-365. PNNL-SA-132120. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229
• May N.W., M.J. Gunsch, N.E. Olson, A.L. Bondy, R.M. Kirpes, S. Bertman, and S. China, et al. 2018. "Unexpected contributions of sea spray and lake spray aerosol to inland particulate matter." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5, no. 7:405-412. PNNL-SA-132459. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00254
• May N.W., N. Olson, M.H. Panas, J.L. Axson, P.N. Tirella, R.M. Kirpes, and R.L. Craig, et al. 2018. "Aerosol Emissions from Great Lakes Harmful Algal Blooms." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 2:397-405. PNNL-SA-129527. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03609
• Sharma N., S. China, J. Bhandari, K. Gorkowski, M.K. Dubey, R.A. Zaveri, and C. Mazzoleni. 2018. "Physical properties of aerosol internally mixed with soot particles in a biogenically-dominated environment in California." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 20:11,473-11,482. PNNL-SA-136202. doi:10.1029/2018GL079404
• Veghte D.P., S. China, J. Weis, P. Lin, M.L. Hinks, L. Kovarik, and S. Nizkorodov, et al. 2018. "Chemical Imaging and Heating-Induced Transformations of 1 Atmospheric Particles using Environmental Transmission Electron 2 Microscopy." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 16:9761-9768. PNNL-SA-133708. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01410
• Warneke J., M.E. McBriarty, S.L. Riechers, S. China, M.H. Engelhard, E. Apra, and R.P. Young, et al. 2018. "Self-organizing layers from complex molecular anions." Nature Communications 9, no. 1:1889. PNNL-SA-128240. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04228-2

2017

• Bateman A.P., Z.H. Gong, T. Harder, S. de Sa, B. Wang, P. Castillo, and S. China, et al. 2017. "Anthropogenic influences on the physical state of submicron particulate matter over a tropical forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 3:1759-1773. PNNL-SA-119055. doi:10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017
• Bhandari J., S. China, T.B. Onasch, L. Wolff, A. Lambe, P. Davidovits, and P. Davidovits, et al. 2017. "Effect of Thermodenuding on the Structure of Nascent Flame Soot Aggregates." Atmosphere 8, no. 9:Article No. 166. PNNL-SA-130167. doi:10.3390/atmos8090166
• Fraund M.W., D.Q. Pham, D. Bonanno, T. Harder, B. Wang, J. Brito, and S. de Sa, et al. 2017. "Elemental Mixing State of Aerosol Particles Collected in Central Amazonia during GoAmazon2014/15." Atmosphere 8, no. 9:173. PNNL-SA-129528. doi:10.3390/atmos8090173
• Gunsch M.J., R.M. Kirpes, K.R. Kolesar, T.E. Berrett, S. China, R.J. Sheesley, and A. Laskin, et al. 2017. "Contributions of Transported Prudhoe Bay Oilfield Emissions to the Aerosol Population in Utqiagvik, Alaska." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17:10879-10892. PNNL-SA-126287. doi:10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017
• Gyawali M.S., W. Arnott, R.A. Zaveri, C. Song, B. Flowers, M.K. Dubey, and A. Setyan, et al. 2017. "Evolution of Multispectral Aerosol Absorption Properties in a Biogenically-Influenced Urban Environment during the CARES Campaign." Atmosphere 8, no. 11:217. PNNL-SA-130581. doi:10.3390/atmos8110217
• Veghte D.P., S. China, J. Weiss, L. Kovarik, M.K. Gilles, and A. Laskin. 2017. "Optical Properties of Airborne Soil Organic Particles." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 1, no. 8:511-521. PNNL-SA-127009. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00071

2016

• China S., B. Wang, J. Weis, L.V. Rizzo, J. Brito, G. Cirino, and L. Kovarik, et al. 2016. "Rupturing of biological spores as a source of secondary particles in Amazonia." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 22:12179 - 12186. PNNL-SA-118675. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b02896
• Kulkarni G.R., S. China, S. Liu, M.I. Nandasiri, N. Sharma, J.M. Wilson, and A.C. Aiken, et al. 2016. "Ice nucleation activity of diesel soot particles at Cirrus relevant conditions: Effects of hydration, secondary organics coating, hydration, soot morphology, and coagulation." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 7:3580-3588. PNNL-SA-113363. doi:10.1002/2016GL068707
• Laskin A., M.K. Gilles, D.A. Knopf, B. Wang, and S. China. 2016. "Progress in the Analysis of Complex Atmospheric Particles." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 9. PNNL-SA-114559. doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041521
• Wang B., D.A. Knopf, S. China, B.W. Arey, T. Harder, M.K. Gilles, and A. Laskin. 2016. "Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 43:29721-29731. PNNL-SA-116952. doi:10.1039/c6cp05253c
• Wang B., H.T. Harder, S.T. Kelly, D.Y. Piens, S. China, L. Kovarik, and M. Keiluweit, et al. 2016. "Airborne Soil Organic Particles Generated by Precipitation." Nature Geoscience 9, no. 6:433-438. PNNL-SA-110735. doi:10.1038/NGEO2705

2015

• China S., G.R. Kulkarni, B. Scarnatio, N. Sharma, M.S. Pekour, J.E. Shilling, and J.M. Wilson, et al. 2015. "Morphology Of Diesel Soot Residuals From Supercooled Water Droplets And Ice Crystals: Implications For Optical Properties." Environmental Research Letters 10. PNNL-SA-112661. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114010