Staff information

Steven J. Smith

Earth Scientist
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Biography

Smith’s research has focused on long-term socioeconomic scenarios, the interface between socioeconomic systems and the climate system, and the interactions between air pollution and climate. Smith is principal investigator of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) project that produces global historical air pollutant emissions over the industrial era (1750-present). Smith also works with the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), which he and collaborators are currently using to examine multi-sector interactions between the energy system and air-pollutant emissions from global to regional scales.

Prior to joining PNNL in 1999, Dr. Smith worked with Dr. T.M.L. Wigley as a project scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and was a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios.

Research Interests

Aerosols
Emissions
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases
Carbon cycle
Biomass energy
Renewable energy; Energy efficiency
Land-use changes

Education and Credentials

Ph.D., Physics, University of California Los Angeles
M.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana
B.S., Electrical Engineering, West Virginia Institute of Technology

PNNL Publications

2024

Brown J.K., L.D. Pressburger, A.C. Snyder, K.R. Dorheim, S.J. Smith, C. Tebaldi, and B. Bond-Lamberty. 2024. "Matilda v1.0: An R package for probabilistic climate projections using a reduced complexity climate model." PLoS Climate 3, no. 5:Art. No. e0000295. PNNL-SA-189739. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000295
Liu F., S. Beirle, J. Joiner, S. Choi, Z. Tao, K.E. Knowland, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2024. "High-resolution Mapping of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in Large US Cities from TROPOMI Retrievals of Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Columns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 6:3717-3728. PNNL-SA-186789. doi:10.5194/acp-24-3717-2024
Soulie A., C. Granier, C. Granier, S. Darras, N. Zilbermann, T. Doumbia, and M. Guevara, et al. 2024. "Global Anthropogenic Emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Simulations of Air Quality Forecasts and Reanalyses." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 5:2261-2279. PNNL-SA-188306. doi:10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024

2023

Ahsan H., H. Wang, J. Wu, M. Wu, S.J. Smith, S. Bauer, and H.T. Suchyta, et al. 2023. "The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model sensitivity to emission characteristics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 23:14779-14799. PNNL-SA-182078. doi:10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023
Chatterjee D., E. Mcduffie, S.J. Smith, L. Bindle, A. van Donkelaar, A. van Donkelaar, and M. Hammer, et al. 2023. "Source Contributions to Fine Particulate Matter and Attributable Mortality in India and the Surrounding Region." Environmental Science & Technology 57, no. 28:10263-10275. PNNL-SA-187209. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c07641
Crippa M., D. Guizzardi, T. Butler, T. Keating, R. Wu, J. Kaminski, and J. Kuenen, et al. 2023. "The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000-2018) to support air quality modelling and policies." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 6:2667-2694. PNNL-SA-182701. doi:10.5194/essd-15-2667-2023
Jeong G., B. Baker, P. Campbell, R. Saylor, L. Pan, P. Bhattacharjee, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2023. "Updating and Evaluating Anthropogenic Emissions for NOAA’s Global Ensemble Forecast Systems for Aerosols (GEFS-Aerosols): Application of an SO2 Bias-Scaling Method." Atmosphere 14, no. 2:Art. No. 234. PNNL-SA-182007. doi:10.3390/atmos14020234
Lou S., M.B. Shrivastava, R.C. Easter, J.D. Fast, P.J. Rasch, H. Shen, and S.L. Massey Simonich, et al. 2023. "Shift in Peaks of PAH-Associated Health Risks From East Asia to South Asia and Africa in the Future." Earth's Future 11, no. 6:Art. No. e2022EF003185. PNNL-SA-159229. doi:10.1029/2022EF003185
Narayan K., S.J. Smith, V. Fioletov, and C. McLinden. 2023. "Evaluation of uncertainties in the anthropogenic SO2 emissions in the USA from the OMI point source catalog." Environmental Science & Technology 57, no. 30:11134-11143. PNNL-SA-170806. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c07056
Pressburger L.D., K.R. Dorheim, T. Keenan, H.C. McJeon, S.J. Smith, and B. Bond-Lamberty. 2023. "Quantifying Airborne Fraction Trends and the Destination of Anthropogenic CO2 by Tracking Carbon Flows in a Simple Climate Model." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 5:Art. No. 054005. PNNL-SA-178364. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acca35
Thor R., M. Mertens, S. Matthes, M. Righi, J. Hendricks, S. Brinkop, and P. Graf, et al. 2023. "An inconsistency in aviation emissions between CMIP5 and CMIP6 and the implication on short-lived species and their radiative forcing." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 5:1459-1466. PNNL-SA-178642. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-1459-2023

2022

Durga S., S.J. Smith, M. Evans, J. Sampedro Martinez de Estivariz, and S. Yu. 2022. Air Quality Analysis and Tools For Policy. PNNL-32558. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Air Quality Analysis and Tools For Policy
Liu F., Z. Tao, S. Beirle, J. Joiner, Y. Yoshida, S.J. Smith, and K.E. Knowland, et al. 2022. "A new method for inferring city emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides from high-resolution nitrogen dioxide observations: A model study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 2:1333-1349. PNNL-SA-166725. doi:10.5194/acp-22-1333-2022
Ou Y., G.C. Iyer, A.A. Fawcett, N.E. Hultman, H.C. McJeon, S. Ragnauth, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2022. "Role of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in limiting global warming." One Earth 5, no. 12:1312-1315. PNNL-ACT-SA-10703. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.11.012
Sampedro Martinez de Estivariz J., Z. Khan, C.R. Vernon, S.J. Smith, S.T. Waldhoff, and R. Van Dingenen:. 2022. "rfasst: An R tool to estimate air pollution impacts on health and agriculture." Journal of Open Source Software 7, no. 69:Art. no. 3820. PNNL-SA-163482. doi:10.21105/joss.03820
Smith S.J., E. McDuffie, and M.M. Charles. 2022. "Opinion: Coordinated development of emission inventories for climate forcers and air pollutants." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 19:13201-13218. PNNL-SA-167989. doi:10.5194/acp-22-13201-2022
Smith S.J., M.A. Weber, T.J. Stelmach, and H.C. McJeon. 2022. GCAM Base Year Update. PNNL-32567. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. GCAM Base Year Update
Wolfram P., P. Kyle, X. Zhang, S. Gkantonas, and S.J. Smith. 2022. "Using ammonia as a shipping fuel could disturb the nitrogen cycle." Nature Energy 7. PNNL-SA-177302. doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01124-4
Xiong Y., D. Partha, N.S. Prime, S.J. Smith, N. Mariscal, H. Salah, and Y. Huang. 2022. "Long-term Trends of Impacts of Global Gasoline and Diesel Emissions on Ambient PM2.5 and O3 Pollution and the Related Health Burden for 2000-2015." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 10:Art. No. 104042. PNNL-SA-178796. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac9422

2021

Dorheim K.R., S.J. Smith, and B. Bond-Lamberty. 2021. "HIRM v1.0: a hybrid impulse response model for climate modeling and uncertainty analyses." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 1:365-375. PNNL-SA-151049. doi:10.5194/gmd-14-365-2021
Goldberg D., S.C. Anenberg, Z. Lu, D.G. Streets, L.N. Lamsal, E.E. Mcduffie, and S.J. Smith. 2021. "Urban NOx emissions around the world declined faster than anticipated between 2005 and 2019." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11:Art. No. 115004. PNNL-SA-167181. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2c34
Mcduffie E.E., R.V. Martin, J. Spadaro, R. Burnett, S.J. Smith, P. O'Rourke, and M. Hammer, et al. 2021. "Source sector and fuel contributions to ambient PM2.5 and attributable mortality across multiple spatial scales." Nature Communications 12, no. 1:3594. PNNL-SA-158393. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23853-y
Minx J., W.F. Lamb, R. Andrew, J.G. Canadell, M. Crippa, N. Dobbeling, and P. Forster, et al. 2021. "A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970-2018, with an extension to 2019." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 11:5213-5252. PNNL-SA-166102. doi:10.5194/essd-13-5213-2021
Nicholls Z., M. Meinshausen, J. Lewis, M. Rojas Corradi, K.R. Dorheim, T. Gasser, and R. Gieseke, et al. 2021. "Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: Synthesising Earth system knowledge for probabilistic climate projections." Earth's Future 9, no. 6:e2020EF001900. PNNL-SA-157937. doi:10.1029/2020EF001900
Ou Y., C.W. Roney, J. Alsalam, K.V. Calvin, J. Creason, J.A. Edmonds, and A.A. Fawcett, et al. 2021. "Deep mitigation of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases toward 1.5°C and 2°C futures." Nature Communications 12, no. 1:Art. No. 6245. PNNL-SA-158423. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26509-z
Ou Y., N. Kittner, S. Babaee, S.J. Smith, C.G. Nolte, and D.H. Loughlin. 2021. "Evaluating long-term emission impacts of large-scale electric vehicle deployment in the US using a human-Earth systems model." Applied Energy 300. PNNL-SA-156329. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117364
Smith S.J. 2021. "Cleaning cars, grid and air." Nature Energy 6, no. 1:19-20. PNNL-SA-157736. doi:10.1038/s41560-020-00769-3
Zhang Y., S.J. Smith, M. Bell, A. Mueller, M. Eckelman, S. Wylie, and E. Sweet, et al. 2021. "Pollution Inequality 50 years after the Clean Air Act: the Need for Hyperlocal Data and Action." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 7:071001. PNNL-SA-160452. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac09b1

2020

Feng L., S.J. Smith, C.J. Braun, M. Crippa, M. Gidden, R.M. Hoesly, and K. Zbigniew, et al. 2020. "The generation of gridded emissions data for CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 2:461-482. PNNL-SA-145300. doi:10.5194/gmd-13-461-2020
Harmsen M., D. Van Vuuren, B. Bodirsky, J. Chateau, O. Durand-Lasserve, L. Drouet, and O. Fricko, et al. 2020. "The role of methane in future climate strategies: Mitigation potentials and climate impacts." Climatic Change 163, no. 3:1409-1425. PNNL-SA-131904. doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02437-2
Harmsen M., O. Fricko, J. Hilaire, D. Van Vuuren, L. Drouet, O. Durand-Lasserve, and S. Fujimori, et al. 2020. "Taking some heat off the NDCs? The limited potential of additional short-lived climate forcers’ mitigation." Climatic Change 163, no. 3:1443-1461. PNNL-SA-132235. doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02436-3
Meinshausen M., Z. Nicholls, J. Lewis, M. Gidden, E. Vogel, M. Freund, and U. Beyerle, et al. 2020. "The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 8:3571-3605. PNNL-SA-155570. doi:10.5194/gmd-13-3571-2020
Nicholls Z., M. Meinshausen, J. Lewis, R. Gieseke, D. Dommenget, K.R. Dorheim, and C. Fan, et al. 2020. "Reduced complexity model intercomparison project phase 1: introduction and evaluation of global-mean temperature response." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 11:5175-5190. PNNL-SA-150377. doi:10.5194/gmd-13-5175-2020
Ou Y., J.J. West, S.J. Smith, C.G. Nolte, and D.H. Loughlin. 2020. "Air pollution control strategies directly limiting national health damages in the US." Nature Communications 11, no. 1:957. PNNL-SA-148416. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14783-2
Sampedro Martinez de Estivariz J., R. Cui, H.C. McJeon, S.J. Smith, N. Hultman, L. He, and A. Sen, et al. 2020. "Quantifying the reductions in mortality from air-pollution by cancelling new coal power plants." Energy and Climate Change 2. PNNL-ACT-SA-10477. doi:10.1016/j.egycc.2020.100023
Sampedro Martinez de Estivariz J., S.J. Smith, I. Arto, M. Gonzalez-Eguino, A. Markandya, K.M. Mulvaney, and C. Pizarro-Irizar, et al. 2020. "Health co-benefits and mitigation costs as per the Paris Agreement under different technological pathways for energy supply." Environment International 136. PNNL-ACT-SA-10474. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105513
Saunois M., A.R. Stavert, B. Poulter, P. Bousquet, J.G. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, and P.A. Raymond, et al. 2020. "The Global Methane Budget 2000-2017." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 3:1561-1623. PNNL-SA-149722. doi:10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020
Smith S.J., J. Chateau, K.R. Dorheim, L. Drouet, O. Durand-Lasserve, O. Fricko, and S. Fujimori, et al. 2020. "Impact of Methane and Black Carbon Mitigation on Forcing and Temperature: A Multi-Model Scenario Analysis." Climatic Change 163. PNNL-SA-149757. doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02794-3
Smith S.J., Z. Klimont, L. Drouet, M. Harmsen, G. Luderer, K. Riahi, and D. Van Vuuren, et al. 2020. "The Energy Modeling Forum (EMF)-30 Study on Short-Lived Climate Forcers: Introduction and Overview." Climatic Change 163, no. 3:1399-1408. PNNL-SA-157391. doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02938-5
Yu H., Y. Yang, H. Wang, Q. Tan, M. Chin, R. Levy, and L.A. Remer, et al. 2020. "Interannual Variability and Trends of Combustion Aerosol and Dust in Major Continental Outflows Revealed by MODIS Retrievals and CAM5 Simulations During 2003 - 2017." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1:139-161. PNNL-SA-147334. doi:10.5194/acp-20-139-2020

2019

Bond-Lamberty B., K.R. Dorheim, Y. Cui, R.L. Horowitz, A.C. Snyder, K.V. Calvin, and L. Feng, et al. 2019. "gcamdata: An R Package for Preparation, Synthesis, and Tracking of Input Data for the GCAM Integrated Human-Earth Systems Model." Journal of Open Research Software 7, no. 1:Article No. 6. PNNL-SA-135553. doi:10.5334/jors.232
Calvin K.V., P.L. Patel, L.E. Clarke, G.R. Asrar, B. Bond-Lamberty, R. Cui, and A. Di Vittorio, et al. 2019. "GCAM v5.1: Representing the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 2:677-698. PNNL-SA-137098. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-677-2019
Fiedler S., B. Stevens, M. Gidden, S.J. Smith, K. Riahi, and D. Van Vuuren. 2019. "First forcing estimates from the future CMIP6 scenarios of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 3:989-1007. PNNL-SA-139734. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-989-2019
Gidden M., K. Riahi, S.J. Smith, S. Fujimori, G. Luderer, E. Kriegler, and D. Van Vuuren, et al. 2019. "Global emissions pathways under different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 4:1443-1475. PNNL-SA-139873. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-1443-2019
Liu L., T. Hwang, S. Lee, Y. Ouyang, B. Lee, S.J. Smith, and C.W. Tessum, et al. 2019. "Health and climate impacts of future United States land freight modelled with global-to-urban models." Nature Sustainability 2, no. 2:105-112. PNWD-SA-10564. doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0224-3
Lou S., Y. Yang, H. Wang, J. Lu, S.J. Smith, F. Liu, and P.J. Rasch. 2019. "Black carbon increases frequency of extreme ENSO events." Journal of Climate 32, no. 23:8323-8333. PNNL-SA-141442. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0549.1
Lou S., Y. Yang, H. Wang, S.J. Smith, Y. Qian, and P.J. Rasch. 2019. "Black carbon amplifies haze over the North China Plain by weakening the East Asian winter monsoon." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 1:452-460. PNNL-SA-140350. doi:10.1029/2018GL080941
Ou Y., S.J. Smith, J.J. West, C.G. Nolte, and D.H. Loughlin. 2019. "State-level drivers of future fine particulate matter mortality in the United States." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12:Article No. 124071. PNNL-SA-142343. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab59cb
Schwarber A., S.J. Smith, C.A. Hartin, B.A. Vega-Westhoff, and R. Sriver. 2019. "Evaluating Climate Emulation: Fundamental Impulse Testing of Simple Climate Models." Earth System Dynamics 10, no. 4:729-739. PNNL-SA-136394. doi:10.5194/esd-10-729-2019
Turnock S., S.J. Smith, and F. O'Connor. 2019. "The Impact of Climate Mitigation Measures on Near Term Climate Forcers." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 10:Article Number 104013. PNNL-ACT-SA-10411. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab4222
Yang Y., S.J. Smith, H. Wang, C.M. Mills, and P.J. Rasch. 2019. "Variability, Timescales, and Non-linearity in Climate Responses to Black Carbon Emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4:2405-2420. PNNL-SA-136621. doi:10.5194/acp-19-2405-2019
Yang Y., S.J. Smith, H. Wang, S. Lou, and P.J. Rasch. 2019. "Impact of anthropogenic emission injection height uncertainty on global sulfur dioxide and aerosol distribution." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 8:4812-4826. PNNL-SA-137329. doi:10.1029/2018JD030001

2018

Gidden M., S. Fujimori, M.S. Van Den Berg, D. Klein, S.J. Smith, D. Van Vuuren, and K. Riahi. 2018. "A Methodology and Implementation of Automated Emissions Harmonization for Use in Integrated Assessment Models." Environmental Modelling & Software 105. PNNL-SA-129400. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.04.002
Hoesly R.M., and S.J. Smith. 2018. "Informing energy consumption uncertainty: an analysis of energy data revisions." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 12:124023. PNNL-SA-136517. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaebc3
Hoesly R.M., S.J. Smith, L. Feng, Z. Klimont, G. Janssens-Maenhout, T.T. Pitkanen, and J.J. Seibert, et al. 2018. "Historical (1750 - 2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emission Data System (CEDS)." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 1:369-408. PNNL-SA-123932. doi:10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018
Markandya A., J. Sampedro, S.J. Smith, R. van Dingenen, C. Pizarro-Irizar, I. Arto, and M. Gonzalez-Eguino. 2018. "Health Co-Benefits from Air Pollution and Mitigation Costs of the Paris Agreement: A Modelling Study." The Lancet Planetary Health 2, no. 3:e126-e133. PNNL-SA-132141. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30029-9
Ou Y., W. Shi, S.J. Smith, C.M. Ledna, J.J. West, C.G. Nolte, and D.H. Loughlin. 2018. "Estimating environmental co-benefits of U.S. low-carbon pathways using an integrated assessment model with state-level resolution." Applied Energy 216. PNNL-SA-132500. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.122
Yang Y., H. Wang, S.J. Smith, R. Zhang, S. Lou, H. Yu, and C. Li, et al. 2018. "Source apportionments of aerosols and their direct radiative forcing and long-term trends over continental United States." Earth's Future 6, no. 6:793-808. PNNL-SA-129873. doi:10.1029/2018EF000859
Yang Y., H. Wang, S.J. Smith, R. Zhang, S. Lou, Y. Qian, and P. Ma, et al. 2018. "Recent intensification of winter haze in China linked to foreign emissions and meteorology." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1:Article No. 2107. PNNL-SA-128267. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20437-7
Zhou Y., X. Li, G.R. Asrar, S.J. Smith, and M. Imhoff. 2018. "A global record of annual urban dynamics (1992-2013) from nighttime lights." Remote Sensing of Environment 219. PNNL-SA-129683. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.015

2017

Calvin K.V., B. Bond-Lamberty, L.E. Clarke, J.A. Edmonds, J. Eom, C.A. Hartin, and S.H. Kim, et al. 2017. "The SSP4: A World of Deepening Inequality." Global Environmental Change 42. PNNL-SA-115202. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.010
Campbell J.E., J. Berry, U. Seibt, S.J. Smith, S. Montzka, T. Launois, and S. Belviso, et al. 2017. "Large historical growth in global terrestrial gross primary production." Nature 544, no. 7648:84-87. PNNL-SA-115736. doi:10.1038/nature22030
Collins W., J. Lamarque, M. Schulz, O. Boucher, V. Eyring, M.I. Hegglin, and A. Maycock, et al. 2017. "AerChemMIP: Quantifying the effects of chemistry and aerosols in CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2:585-607. PNNL-SA-121058. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-585-2017
Evans M., N. Kholod, T. Kuklinski, A. Denysenko, S.J. Smith, A.J. Staniszewski, and W. Hao, et al. 2017. "Black carbon emissions in Russia: A critical review." Atmospheric Environment 163. PNNL-SA-120649. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.026
Irvine P., B.S. Kravitz, M.G. Lawrence, D. Gerten, C. Caminade, S. Gosling,, and E. Hendy, et al. 2017. "Towards a comprehensive climate impacts assessment of solar geoengineering." Earth's Future 5, no. 1:93-106. PNNL-SA-115412. doi:10.1002/2016EF000389
Muratori M., S.J. Smith, P. Kyle, R.P. Link, B.K. Mignone, and H. Kheshgi. 2017. "Role of the Freight Sector in Future Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 6:3526-3533. PNNL-ACT-SA-10153. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04515
Rao S., Z. Klimont, S.J. Smith, R. van Dingenen, F. Dentener, L. Bouwman, and K. Riahi, et al. 2017. "Future Air Pollution in the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways." Global Environmental Change 42. PNNL-SA-116149. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.012
Riahi K., D. Van Vuuren, E. Kriegler, J.A. Edmonds, B. O'Neill, S. Fujimori, and N. Bauer, et al. 2017. "The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their Energy, Land Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications: An Overview." Global Environmental Change 42. PNNL-SA-115333. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009
Shi W., Y. Ou, S.J. Smith, C.M. Ledna, C.G. Nolte, and D.H. Loughlin. 2017. "Projecting state-level air pollutant emissions using an integrated assessment model: GCAM-USA." Applied Energy 208. PNNL-SA-126417. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.122
Stevens B., S. Fiedler, S. Kinne, K. Peters, S. Rast, J. Musse, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2017. "MACv2-SP: A parameterization of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect for use in CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 1:433-452. PNNL-SA-119691. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-433-2017
Yang Y., H. Wang, S.J. Smith, P. Ma, and P.J. Rasch. 2017. "Source attribution of black carbon and its direct radiative forcing in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 6:4319-4336. PNNL-SA-122611. doi:10.5194/acp-17-4319-2017
Yang Y., H. Wang, S.J. Smith, R.C. Easter, P. Ma, Y. Qian, and H. Yu, et al. 2017. "Global source attribution of sulfate concentration and direct and indirect radiative forcing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 14:8903-8922. PNNL-SA-125012. doi:10.5194/acp-17-8903-2017
Zhang Y., S.J. Smith, J.H. Bowden, Z. Adelman, and J. West. 2017. "Co-benefits of global, domestic, and sectoral greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality and human health in 2050." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 11:Article No. 114033. PNNL-SA-125810. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa8f76
Zumkehr A., T.W. Hilton, M. Whelan, S.J. Smith, and E. Campbell. 2017. "Gridded anthropogenic emissions inventory and atmospheric transport of carbonyl sulfide in the U.S." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 4:2169-2178. PNNL-SA-125015. doi:10.1002/2016JD025550

2016

Smith S.J., S. Rao, K. Riahi, D. van Vuuren, K.V. Calvin, and P. Kyle. 2016. "Future Aerosol Emissions: A Multi-Model Comparison." Climatic Change 138, no. 1:13-24. PNNL-SA-97434. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1733-y
Wobus C., M. Flanner, M. Sarofim, M.C. Pinto de Moura, and S.J. Smith. 2016. "Future Arctic Temperature Change resulting from a Range of Aerosol Emissions Scenarios." Earth's Future 4, no. 6:270-281. PNNL-SA-118327. doi:10.1002/2016EF000361
Zhang Y., J.H. Bowden, Z. Adelman, V. Naik, L. Horowitz, S.J. Smith, and J. West. 2016. "Co-benefits of global and regional greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality in 2050." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 15:9533-9548. PNNL-SA-121099. doi:10.5194/acp-16-9533-2016

2015

Campbell J., M. Whelan, U. Seibt, S.J. Smith, J. Berry, and T.W. Hilton. 2015. "Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide sources from anthropogenic activity: Implications for carbon cycle constraints." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 8:3004-3010. PNNL-SA-83003. doi:10.1002/2015GL063445
Liu L., T. Hwang, S. Lee, Y. Ouyang, B. Lee, S.J. Smith, and F. Yan, et al. 2015. "Emission Projections for Long-Haul Freight Trucks and Rail in the United States through 2050." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 19:11569-11576. PNWD-SA-10447. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01187
Pinto de Moura M.C., S.J. Smith, and D.B. Belzer. 2015. "120 Years of U.S. Residential Housing Stock and Floor Space." PLoS One 10, no. 8:Article No. e0134135. PNNL-SA-104984. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134135
Smith S.J., J.A. Edmonds, C.A. Hartin, A. Mundra, and K.V. Calvin. 2015. "Near-Term Acceleration In The Rate of Temperature Change." Nature Climate Change 5, no. 4:333-336. PNNL-SA-93187. doi:10.1038/nclimate2552
Smith S.J., L.E. Clarke, J.A. Edmonds, J. Kejun, E. Kriegler, T. Masui, and K. Riahi, et al. 2015. "Long History of IAM Comparisons." Nature Climate Change 5, no. 5:391. PNNL-SA-108156. doi:10.1038/nclimate2576
Smith S.J., Y. Zhou, P. Kyle, H. Wang, and H. Yu. 2015. "A Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) for Historical Emissions." In 2015 International Emission Inventory Conference: Air Quality Challenges: Tackling the Changing Face of Emissions, April 13-16, 2015, San Diego, California. Washington, District Of Columbia:US EPA. PNNL-SA-109670.
Zhou Y., M.I. Hejazi, S.J. Smith, J.A. Edmonds, H. Li, L.E. Clarke, and K.V. Calvin, et al. 2015. "A Comprehensive View of Global Potential for Hydro-generated Electricity." Energy and Environmental Science 8, no. 9:2622-2633. PNNL-SA-109269. doi:10.1039/c5ee00888c
Zhou Y., S.J. Smith, K. Zhao, M.L. Imhoff, A.M. Thomson, B. Bond-Lamberty, and G.R. Asrar, et al. 2015. "A global map of urban extent from nightlights." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 5:Article No. 054011. PNNL-SA-107842. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054011

2014

Blanco A.S., R. Gerlagh, S. Suh, J.A. Barrett, H. de Coninck, C. Diaz Morejon, and R. Mathur, et al. 2014. "Drivers, Trends and Mitigation." In Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by O Edenhofer, et al. 351-411. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-102563.
Rose S.K., R.G. Richels, S.J. Smith, K. Riahi, J. Stefler, and D. Van Vuuren. 2014. "Non-Kyoto Radiative Forcing in Long-Run Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Scenarios." Climatic Change 123, no. 3-4:511-525. PNNL-SA-93432. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0955-5
Smith S.J., and T.C. Bond. 2014. "Two Hundred Fifty Years of Aerosols and Climate: The End of the Age of Aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 2:537-549. PNNL-SA-82771. doi:10.5194/acp-14-537-2014
Smith S.J., T.M. Wigley, M. Meinshausen, and J. Rogelj. 2014. "Questions of bias in climate models." Nature Climate Change 4. PNNL-SA-101590. doi:10.1038/nclimate2345
Zhou Y., S.J. Smith, C. Elvidge, K. Zhao, A.M. Thomson, and M.L. Imhoff. 2014. "A Cluster-based Method to Map Urban Area from DMSP/OLS Nightlights." Remote Sensing of Environment 147. PNNL-SA-99060. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.004

2013

Ghan S.J., S.J. Smith, M. Wang, K. Zhang, K.J. Pringle, K.S. Carslaw, and J. Pierce, et al. 2013. "A Simple Model of Global Aerosol Indirect Effects." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 12:6688-6707. PNNL-SA-93538. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50567
Klimont Z., S.J. Smith, and J. Cofala. 2013. "The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000-2011 emissions." Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 1:Article No. 014003. PNNL-SA-89939. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014003
Smith S.J., and A.H. Mizrahi. 2013. "Near-Term Climate Mitigation by Short-Lived Forcers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, no. 35:14202-14206. PNNL-SA-95938. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308470110
Smith S.J., and A.J. Rothwell. 2013. "Carbon Density and Anthropogenic Land Use Influences on Net Land-Use Change Emissions." BioScience 10, no. 10:6323-6337. PNNL-SA-93356. doi:10.5194/bg-10-6323-2013
Smith S.J., and P.J. Rasch. 2013. "The Long-Term Policy Context for Solar Radiation Management." Climatic Change 121, no. 3:487-497. PNWD-SA-9460. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0577-3
Smith S.J., J.F. Karas, J.A. Edmonds, J. Eom, and A.H. Mizrahi. 2013. "Sensitivity of Multi-gas Climate Policy to Emission Metrics." Climatic Change 117, no. 4:663-675. PNNL-SA-81588. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0565-7
West J., S.J. Smith, R. Silva, V. Naik, Y. Zhang, Z. Adelman, and M.M. Fry, et al. 2013. "Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health." Nature Climate Change 3, no. 10:885-889. PNNL-SA-93184. doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE2009
Zhou Y., and S.J. Smith. 2013. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Global Onshore Wind Speed Distribution." Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 3:Article No. 034029. PNNL-SA-92908. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034029

2012

Frost G.J., S. Falke, C. Granier, T. Keating, J. Lamarque, M. Melamed, and P. Middleton, et al. 2012. "New Directions: Toward a community emissions approach." Atmospheric Environment 51. PNNL-SA-84747. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.055
Smith S.J. 2012. "The Long-Term Market Potential of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems." In Concentrating Solar Power Technology: Principles, Developments and Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, edited by K Lovegrove and W Stein. 437-465. Cambridge:Woodhead Publishing Limited. PNNL-SA-71229.
Zhou Y., P. Luckow, S.J. Smith, and L.E. Clarke. 2012. "Evaluation of Global Onshore Wind Energy Potential and Generation Costs." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 14:7857-7864. PNNL-SA-84749. doi:10.1021/es204706m

2011

Granier C., B. Bessagnet, T.C. Bond, A. D'Angiola, H. Denier van der Gon, G.J. Frost, and A. Heil, et al. 2011. "Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period." Climatic Change 109, no. 1-2:163-190. PNNL-SA-76975. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1
Hurtt G., L. Chini, L. Chini, S. Frolking, R. Betts, J. Feddema, and G.M. Fischer, et al. 2011. "Harmonization of Land-Use Scenarios for the Period 1500-2100: 600 Years of Global Gridded Annual Land-Use Transitions, Wood Harvest, and Resulting Secondary Lands." Climatic Change 109, no. 1-2:117-161. PNNL-SA-75360. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0153-2
Meinshausen M., S.J. Smith, K.V. Calvin, J.S. Daniel, M. Kainuma, J. Lamarque, and K. Matsumoto, et al. 2011. "The RCP Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and their Extensions from 1765 to 2300." Climatic Change 109, no. 1-2:213-241. PNNL-SA-74869. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z
Smith S.J., J. van Aardenne, Z. Klimont, R. Andres, A.C. Volke, and S. Delgado Arias. 2011. "Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: 1850-2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3:1101-1116. PNNL-SA-72901. doi:10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011
Streets D.G., J. van Aardenne, B. Battye, S. Garivait, D. Grano, A. Guenther, and Z. Klimont, et al. 2011. "Emission Inventories and Projections." In Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010 Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter. Air Pollution Studies No. 17, edited by F Dentener, T Keating and H Akimoto. 77-133. Geneva:UNECE Information Service. PNNL-SA-79659.
Van Vuuren D., J.A. Edmonds, M. Kainuma, K. Riahi, A.M. Thomson, K.A. Hibbard, and G. Hurtt, et al. 2011. "The Representative Concentration Pathways: An Overview." Climatic Change 109, no. 1-2:5-31. PNNL-SA-79134. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z
Van Vuuren D., L. Bouwman, S.J. Smith, and F. Dentener. 2011. "Global projections for anthropogenic reactive nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere: an assessment of scenarios in the scientific literature." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3, no. 5:359-369. PNNL-SA-79731. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2011.08.014

2010

Gregg J.S., J.S. Gregg, and S.J. Smith. 2010. "Global and regional potential for bioenergy from agricultural and forestry residue biomass." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 15, no. 3:241-262. PNNL-SA-67426. doi:10.1007/s11027-010-9215-4
Lamarque J.F., T.C. Bond, V. Eyring, C. Granier, A. Heil, Z. Klimont, and D.S. Lee, et al. 2010. "Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols:methodology and application." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 15:7017-7039. PNNL-SA-70483. doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010
Manning M., J.A. Edmonds, S. Emori, A. Grubler, K.A. Hibbard, F. Joos, and M. Kainuma, et al. 2010. "Misrepresentation of the IPCC CO2 emission scenarios." Nature Geoscience 3, no. 6:376-377. PNNL-SA-70040.
Moss R.H., J.A. Edmonds, K. Hibbard, K. Hibbard, M. Manning, S.K. Rose, and D. Van Vuuren, et al. 2010. "The Next Generation of Scenarios for Climate Change Research and Assessment." Nature 463, no. 7282:747-756. PNNL-SA-70018. doi:10.1038/nature08823
Van Vuuren D., J.A. Edmonds, S.J. Smith, K.V. Calvin, J.F. Karas, M. Kainuma, and N. Nakicenovic, et al. 2010. "What do near-term observations tell us about long-term developments in greenhouse gas emissions?." Climatic Change 103, no. 3-4:635-642. PNNL-SA-74743. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9940-4
Van Vuuren D., S.J. Smith, and K. Riahi. 2010. "Downscaling socioeconomic and emissions scenarios for global environmental change research:a review." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change 1. PNNL-SA-67511. doi:10.1002/wcc.50

2009

Calvin K.V., J.A. Edmonds, B. Bond-Lamberty, L.E. Clarke, S.H. Kim, P. Kyle, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2009. "2.6: Limiting Climate Change to 450 ppm CO2 Equivalent in the 21st Century." Energy Economics 31, no. 2:S107-S120. PNNL-SA-66911.
Hurtt G., L. Chini, L. Chini, S. Frolking, R. Betts, J. Feddema, and G. Fischer, et al. 2009. "Harmonisation of Global Land-Use Scenarios for the Period 1500-2100 for IPCC-AR5." iLEAPS Newsletter 7. PNNL-SA-65162.
Rosenberg N.J., and S.J. Smith. 2009. "A Sustainable Biomass Industry for the North American Great Plains." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 1, no. 2:121-132. PNNL-SA-68167.
Wigley T.M., L.E. Clarke, J.A. Edmonds, H.D. Jacoby, H.D. Jacoby, S. Paltsev, and H.M. Pitcher, et al. 2009. "Uncertainties in climate stabilization." Journal of Climate 97, no. 1-2:85-121. PNNL-SA-55498.
Wise M.A., K.V. Calvin, A.M. Thomson, L.E. Clarke, B. Bond-Lamberty, R.D. Sands, and S.J. Smith, et al. 2009. "Implications of Limiting CO2 Concentrations for Land Use and Energy." Science 324, no. 5931:1183-1186. PNNL-SA-63505.

2008

Edmonds J.A., L.E. Clarke, M.A. Wise, H.M. Pitcher, and S.J. Smith. 2008. "Implications for the USA of stabilization of radiative forcing at 3.4 W/m2." Climate Policy 8. PNNL-SA-57662.
Thomson A.M., R. Izaurralde, S.J. Smith, and L.E. Clarke. 2008. "Integrated Estimates of Global Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration." Global Environmental Change. Part A, Human and Policy Dimensions 18, no. 1:192-203. PNNL-SA-53033.
Van Vuuren D., M. Meinshausen, G. Plattner, F. Joos, K.M. Strassmann, S.J. Smith, and T.M. Wigley, et al. 2008. "Temperature increase of 21st century mitigation scenarios." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, no. 40:15258-15262. PNNL-SA-54204. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711129105
Zhang Y., and S.J. Smith. 2008. "An Evolutionary Path for Concentrating Thermal Solar Power Technologies: A New Approach for Modeling CSP Power Costs and Potential." In Proceedings of the Solar Conference: Solar 2008: Catch the Clean Energy Wave, edited by R Campbell-Howe, 714-740. Boulder, Colorado:American Solar Energy Society. PNNL-SA-57474.

2007

Berglen T., G. Myhre, I. Isaksen, V. Vestreng, and S.J. Smith. 2007. "Sulphur trends in Europe; Are we able to model the recent observed decrease?." Tellus Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology 59, no. 4:773-786. PNNL-SA-48213. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00289.x
Edmonds J.A., M.A. Wise, J.J. Dooley, S.H. Kim, S.J. Smith, P.J. Runci, and L.E. Clarke, et al. 2007. Global Energy Technology Strategy: Addressing Climate Change Phase 2 Findings from an international Public-Private Sponsored Research Program. College Park, Maryland:Battetlle Memorial Institute. PNNL-SA-51712.
Gillingham K., S.J. Smith, and R.D. Sands. 2007. "Impact of Bioenergy Crops in a Carbon Dioxide Constrained World: An Application of the MiniCAM Energy-Agriculture and Land Use Model." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 13, no. 7:675-701. PNNL-SA-42094. doi:10.1007/s11027-007-9122-5

2006

Edmonds J.A., and S.J. Smith. 2006. "The Technology of Two Degrees." In Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change. 385-392. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-45609.
Smith S.J., and J.A. Edmonds. 2006. "The Economic Implications of Carbon Cycle Uncertainty." Tellus Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology 58, no. 5:586-590. PNWD-SA-7242. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00217.x
Smith S.J., and T.M. Wigley. 2006. "Multi-Gas Forcing Stabilization with the MiniCAM." The Energy Journal. PNNL-SA-42552.

2005

Kheshgi H., S.J. Smith, and J.A. Edmonds. 2005. "Emissions and Atmospheric CO2 Stabilization: Long-Term Limits and Paths." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 10, no. 2:213-220. PNNL-SA-38439.
Smith S.J. 2005. "Income and Pollutant Emissions in the ObjECTS MiniCAM Model." Journal of Environment and Development 14, no. 1:175-196. PNNL-SA-42829.
Smith S.J., A.M. Thomson, N.J. Rosenberg, R.C. Izaurralde, R.A. Brown, and T.M. Wigley. 2005. "Climate Change Impacts for the Conterminous USA: An Integrated Assessment Part 1. Scenarios and Context." Climatic Change 69, no. 1:7-25. PNNL-SA-36360. doi:10.1007/s10584-005-3614-7
Smith S.J., H.M. Pitcher, and T.M. Wigley. 2005. "Future Sulfur Dioxide Emissions." Climatic Change 73, no. 3:267-318. PNNL-SA-37915.

2004

Massie S.T., O. Torres, and S.J. Smith. 2004. "Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 109, no. D18211:1 of 14. PNNL-SA-41776. doi:10.1029/2004JD004620

2003

Smith S.J. 2003. "The Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Indices--an Editorial Comment." Climatic Change 58, no. 3:261-265. PNNL-SA-37663.
Smith S.J., T.C. Bond, T.M. Wigley, F. de la Chesnaye, and H.M. Pitcher. 2003. "The Role of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols in Climate Mitigation." In Proceedings of the 3d International Methane & Nitrous Oxide Mitigation Conference, 17-21 November 2003. Beijing:publisher unknown. PNNL-SA-39641.

2002

Mahasenan N., M.J. Scott, and S.J. Smith. 2002. "The Effect of Emissions Trading And Carbon Sequestration on The Cost Of CO2 Emissions Mitigation." In International conference on greenhouse gas technologies, edited by J Gale and Y Kaya, 2, 1177-1182. Oxford:Pergamon. PNNL-SA-36903.
Wigley T.M., S.J. Smith, and M. Prather. 2002. "Radiative Forcing due to Reactive Gas Emissions." Journal of Climate 15, no. 18:2690-2696. PNNL-SA-36106.

2001

Cubasch U., G. Meehl, G.J. Boer, R. Stouffer, M. Dix, M. Dix, and A. Noda, et al. 2001. "Projections of Future Climate Change." In Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, edited by J.T. Houghton, et al. 525-582. New York, New York:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-39649. Projections of Future Climate Change
Ehhalt D., M. Prather, F. Dentener, R. Derwent, E.J. Dlugokencky, E. Holland, and I. Isaksen, et al. 2001. "Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases." In Climate Change 2001:Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, edited by Houghton, J. T. et al. 239-288. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-39647. Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases
Ramaswamy V., O. Boucher, J. Haigh, D. Hauglustaine, J. Haywood, G. Myhre, and T. Nakajima, et al. 2001. "Radiative Forcing of Climate Change." In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by Houghton, J. T. et al. New York, New York:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-39648. Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
Smith S.J. 2001. "Past and Future Climate Forcing." Physics and Society 30, no. 4:none. PNNL-SA-34724.

2000

Nakicenovic N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J. Fenhann, S. Gaffin, and K. Gregory, et al. 2000. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios : a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. New York, New York:Cambridge University Press. PNNL-SA-39650. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios : a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Smith S.J., T.L. Wigley, and J.A. Edmonds. 2000. "A new route toward limiting climate change?." Science 290, no. 5494:1109-1110. PNWD-SA-5157.