Staff information

Biography

Dr. Linehan joined Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1987 as a Postdoctoral Appointee and was promoted to Research Scientist in 1988, Senior Research Scientist in 1991, and to Staff Scientist in 1996. He is a founding member of the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis. Previous to Battelle, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Argonne National Laboratory, 1986-1987. His professional experience includes operando spectroscopy (XAFS, NMR, FTIR) of Catalysts, Nanophase Materials/Catalyst Synthesis, Organometallic and Organic Synthesis, Catalyst Design and Testing, State of the Art Multinuclear NMR of solids and fluids under high pressure, Organometallic and Organic Reaction Mechanisms, and Fuel Refining Mechanisms.

Green Chemistry. Dr. Linehan is active in the chemistry of a hydrogen-based economy. Design of new hydrogen storage materials and reaction mechanisms of H₂ uptake and release including catalytic studies are underway. Dr. Linehan is actively pursuing research into the utilization of CO₂ as a chemical feedstock through the use organo-metal catalysts and novel organic chemistry. The first spectroscopic detection of a cyclometallo-anhydride has recently been observed. This and other organometal- and organo-CO₂ complexes are potential key intermediates in the utilization of CO₂ as a chemical synthon.

Operando Spectroscopy of Catalysts. Dr. Linehan is extremely interested in determing the actual active catalyst through the use of operando (or spectroscopy under actual catalyst working conditions) spectroscopies. Recently he has shown that the actual catalysts in both dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and the hydrogenation of benzene are homogeneous rhodium clusters in contrast to the previously accepted rhodium nanoparticles.

Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. Dr. Linehan successfully obtained the first complete Arrhenius parameters for hydrogen abstraction from a transition metal hydride by a series of alkyl radicals. A method for the determination of the absolute rates of heteroatom transfer from organics to transition metal radicals was designed to acquire rates of carbon-sulfur, carbon-selenium, and carbon-halide bond scission (and transfer) to a molybdenum centered radical. In addition the Arrhenius parameters for the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a metal-sulfur-hydrogen complex have been obtained. These results yield important insight into the fundamental processes occurring in catalytic systems such as hydrocarbon-cracking and hydrodesulfurization (HDS).

Nanometer Particle Synthesis & Catalyst Design. Dr. Linehan has designed three new methods of producing nanometer-sized metal-sulfide, metal-oxide and metal particles. These particles act as very efficient selective catalysts as well as precursors to novel high strength materials. The iron-based nanoparticulates have been shown to have the highest activity for hydrocracking of any iron-based catalysts. The mechanism of these iron-based cracking catalysts has been elucidated.

High Pressure Spectroscopic Studies. Using high pressure NMR, photoacoustic and IR spectroscopies we are studying the kinetics, mechanisms and thermodynamics of stable and transient organometallic complexes. The bond strength of a weak metal-ethylene bond has been obtained.

Solid State NMR Spectroscopy. Dr. Linehan has been instrumental in advancing the quantitative aspects of solid ¹³C NMR spectroscopy of fossil fuels, including coals, coal macerals, lignites, and humics. He has obtained the first quantitative solid ¹³C NMR spectra of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) humic acids and the Argonne Premium Coals. Some of the first solid ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR spectra were obtained by Dr. Linehan. The use of metal ions and ¹⁵N and ¹⁹F labelled compounds as NMR probes of functional groups such as phenols, sulfides, carboxylic acids, etc. in polymers, coals, and coal products is being explored. The first NMR of Self-Assembled Monolayers were performed by Dr. Linehan.

Organometallic Synthesis. Dr Linehan has synthesized the first air stable Rhodium-phosphine complex analogous to Wilkinson's catalyst which reversibly adds di-hydrogen at room temperature under 1 atmosphere of H2. This Rhodium trimer was found to be an active catalyst for olefin reduction under mild conditions. Dr. Linehan has also synthesized many bi-metallic species potentially useful in catalysis.

Education and Credentials

• Ph.D., University of California, Davis, Inorganic Chemistry (Dr. Alan Balch, Advisor)
• B.S., San Francisco State University, Chemistry (Dr. Jane Krevor, Advisor)

Affiliations and Professional Service

• American Chemical Society
• Affiliate Faculty University of Idaho
• Adjunct Faculty Central Washington University
• Adjunct Faculty Washington State University-Tri Cities
• Member, Editorial board of the Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2005-present

Awards and Recognitions

• R&D 100 award winner for Rapid Thermal Decomposition of precursors in Solution (RTDS), 1993
• Glenn ACS Award for best Fuel Division paper, 2004
• Linehan, J. C.; Zemanian, T. Z.; Yonker, C.; and Franz, J.A. "Spectrometer Capillary Vessel and Method of Making Same." U.S. Patent # 5,469,061, 1995.
• Matson; D. W.; Fulton; J. L.; Linehan; J. C.; Bean; R.M.Brewer; T.D.;Werpy; T. A.; Darab; J. G. "Catalyst Material and Method of Making." U.S. Patent #5,652,192, 1998.
• Linehan, John C.; Fulton, John L.; Bean, Roger M. "Process of Forming Compounds Using Reverse Micelle or Reverse Microemulsion Systems." U.S. Patent # 5,770,172, 1998

PNNL Publications

2023

• Bays J.T., T.J. Baker, D. Barpaga, K.B. Campbell, G.W. Coffey, M.A. Fuller, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2023. Oxygenate Onboard Separation for Octane-on-Demand. PNNL-35404. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Oxygenate Onboard Separation for Octane-on-Demand
• Galan B.R., J.O. Bigelow, W.G. Dougherty, W.S. Kassel, E.B. Hulley, M.L. Helm, and M.C. Rakowski DuBois, et al. 2023. "Operando Mechanistic Studies of CO2 Hydrogenation by Ruthenium Complexes using High-Pressure NMR Spectroscopy." ACS Catalysis 13, no. 23:15611-15619. PNNL-SA-184605. doi:10.1021/acscatal.3c03908

2022

• Bays J.T., R. Gieleciak, M.B. Viola, R.P. Lewis, J.R. Cort, K.B. Campbell, and G.W. Coffey, et al. 2022. "Detailed Compositional Comparison of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil with Several Diesel Fuels and their Effect on Engine Emissions." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 16, no. 3. PNNL-SA-166133. doi:10.4271/04-16-03-0015

2020

• Bays J.T., A. Andersen, J.D. Egbert, J.C. Linehan, and R.E. Overstreet. 2020. Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanisms of Autooxidative Processes in Complex Condensed-Phase Mixtures. PNNL-30713. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanisms of Autooxidative Processes in Complex Condensed-Phase Mixtures
• Erickson J.D., A.Z. Preston, J.C. Linehan, and E.S. Wiedner. 2020. "Enhanced Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by a Ruthenium Complex with a Charged Outer-Coordination Sphere." ACS Catalysis 10, no. 13:7419-7423. PNNL-SA-150983. doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c02268
• Heredia-Langner A., J.R. Cort, K. Grubel, M.J. O'Hagan, K.H. Jarman, J.C. Linehan, and K.O. Albrecht, et al. 2020. "Methodology for the development of empirical models relating 13C NMR spectral features to fuel properties." Energy and Fuels 34, no. 10:12556-12572. PNNL-SA-152125. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00883
• Jones M.C., K.B. Campbell, M.J. Coffey, O.A. Marina, G.W. Coffey, A. Heredia-Langner, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2020. "High-Pressure Apparatus for Monitoring Solid-Liquid Phase Transitions." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 9:Article No. 094102. PNNL-SA-148023. doi:10.1063/5.0015518
• Vollmer M.V., J. Ye, J.C. Linehan, B.J. Graziano, A.Z. Preston, E.S. Wiedner, and C.C. Lu. 2020. "Cobalt-Group 13 Complexes Catalyze CO2 Hydrogenation Using a Co(-I)/Co(I) Redox Cycle." ACS Catalysis 10, no. 4:2459-2470. PNNL-SA-150356. doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b03534

2019

• Cammarota R.C., J. Xie, S.A. Burgess, M.V. Vollmer, K. Vogiatzis, J. Ye, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2019. "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of H2 and N2 Binding to Bimetallic Nickel-Group 13 Complexes and Neutron Structure of a Ni(n2-H2) Adduct." Chemical Science 10, no. 29:7029-7042. PNNL-SA-142777. doi:10.1039/c9sc02018g
• Grubel K., W. Chouyyok, D.J. Heldebrant, J.C. Linehan, and J.T. Bays. 2019. "Octane-On-Demand: Onboard Separation of Oxygenates from Gasoline." Energy and Fuels 33, no. 3:1869-1881. PNNL-SA-138442. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03781
• Laureanti J.A., G.W. Buchko, S. Katipamula, Q. Su, J.C. Linehan, O. Zadvornyy, and J.W. Peters, et al. 2019. "Protein Scaffold Activates Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation by a Rhodium Bis(diphosphine) Complex." ACS Catalysis 9, no. 1:620-625. PNNL-SA-135805. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b02615
• Olarte M.V., K.O. Albrecht, J.T. Bays, E. Polikarpov, B. Maddi, J.C. Linehan, and M.J. O'Hagan, et al. 2019. "Autoignition and Select Properties of Low Sample Volume Thermochemical Mixtures from Renewable Sources." Fuel 238. PNNL-SA-134830. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.115
• Tran B.L., J.L. Fulton, J.C. Linehan, M. Balasubramanian, J.A. Lercher, and R.M. Bullock. 2019. "Operando XAFS Studies on Rh(CAAC)-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation." ACS Catalysis 9, no. 5:4106-4114. PNNL-SA-139703. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b04929
• Walsh A., J.A. Laureanti, S. Katipamula, G.M. Chambers, N. Priyadarshani, S. Lense, and J.T. Bays, et al. 2019. "Evaluating the impacts of amino acids in the second and outer coordination spheres of Rh-bis(diphosphine) complexes for CO2 hydrogenation." Faraday Discussions 215. PNNL-SA-139812. doi:10.1039/c8fd00164b

2018

• Tran B.L., J.L. Fulton, J.C. Linehan, J.A. Lercher, and R.M. Bullock. 2018. "Rh(CAAC)-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation: Evidence for Nanocatalysis and Sterically Controlled Site-Selective Hydrogenation." ACS Catalysis 8, no. 9:8441-8449. PNNL-SA-130529. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b02589
• Wiedner E.S., and J.C. Linehan. 2018. "Making a Splash in Homogeneous CO2 Hydrogenation: Elucidating the Impact of Solvent on Catalytic Mechanisms." Chemistry - A European Journal 24, no. 64:16964-16971. PNNL-SA-133770. doi:10.1002/chem.201801759

2017

• Burgess S.A., A.J. Kendall, D.R. Tyler, D.R. Tyler, J.C. Linehan, and A.M. Appel. 2017. "Hydrogenation of CO2 in Water Using a Bis(Diphosphine) Ni-H Complex." ACS Catalysis 7, no. 4:3089-3096. PNNL-SA-123128. doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b00350
• Burgess S.A., A.M. Appel, J.C. Linehan, and E.S. Wiedner. 2017. "Changing the Mechanism for CO2 Hydrogenation Using Solvent-Dependent Thermodynamics." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 47:15002-15005. PNNL-SA-128948. doi:10.1002/anie.201709319
• Burgess S.A., K. Grubel, A.M. Appel, E.S. Wiedner, and J.C. Linehan. 2017. "Hydrogenation of CO2 at Room Temperature and Low Pressure with a Cobalt Tetraphosphine Catalyst." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 14:8580-8589. PNNL-SA-124385. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01391
• Cammarota R.C., M.V. Vollmer, J. Xie, J. Ye, J.C. Linehan, S.A. Burgess, and A.M. Appel, et al. 2017. "A bimetallic nickel-gallium complex catalyses CO2 hydrogenation via the intermediacy of an anionic d10 nickel-hydride." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 40:14244-14250. PNNL-SA-127919. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b07911
• Goldberg J.M., K.I. Goldberg, D.M. Heinekey, S.A. Burgess, D.B. Lao, and J.C. Linehan. 2017. "Detection of an Iridium-Dihydrogen Complex: A Proposed Intermediate in Ionic Hydrogenation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 36:12638-12646. PNNL-SA-126759. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b06480
• Jeletic M.S., E. Hulley, M.L. Helm, M.T. Mock, A.M. Appel, E.S. Wiedner, and J.C. Linehan. 2017. "Understanding the Relationship Between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis." ACS Catalysis 7, no. 9:6008-6017. PNNL-SA-125045. doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b01673

2016

• Connelly S.J., C.M. Zall, D.L. Miller, J.C. Linehan, and A.M. Appel. 2016. "Solvent Influence on the Thermodynamics for Hydride Transfer from Bis(diphosphine) Complexes of Nickel." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 24:10017-10023. PNNL-SA-111204. doi:10.1039/C6DT00309E
• Lao D., B.R. Galan, J.C. Linehan, and D.J. Heldebrant. 2016. "The steps of activating a prospective CO2 hydrogenation catalyst with combined CO2 capture and reduction." Green Chemistry 18, no. 18:4871-4874. PNNL-SA-119105. doi:10.1039/C6GC01800A
• Zall C.M., A.M. Appel, and J.C. Linehan. 2016. "Triphosphine-Ligated Copper Hydrides for CO2 Hydrogenation: Structure, Reactivity, and Thermodynamic Studies." Journal of the American Chemical Society 138, no. 31:9968-9977. PNNL-SA-117835. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b05349

2015

• Bayram E., J.C. Linehan, J.L. Fulton, N. Szymczak, and R.G. Finke. 2015. "Determination of the Dominant Catalyst Derived from the Classic [RhCp*Cl2]2 Precatalyst System: Is it Single-Metal Rh1Cp*-Based, Subnanometer Rh4 Cluster-Based, or Rh(0)n Nanoparticle-Based Cyclohexene Hydrogenation Catalysis at Room Temperature and Mild Pressures?." ACS Catalysis 5, no. 6:3876-3886. PNNL-SA-111895. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b00315
• Priyadarshani N., B. Ginovska-Pangovska, J.T. Bays, J.C. Linehan, and W.J. Shaw. 2015. "Photoswitching a Molecular Catalyst to Regulate CO2 Hydrogenation." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 33:14854-14864. PNNL-SA-109951. doi:10.1039/c5dt01649e
• Zall C.M., J.C. Linehan, and A.M. Appel. 2015. "Molecular Copper Catalyst for Hydrogenation of CO-2 to Formate." ACS Catalysis 5, no. 9:5301-5305. PNNL-SA-110891. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01646

2014

• Bays J.T., N. Priyadarshani, M.S. Jeletic, E. Hulley, D.L. Miller, J.C. Linehan, and W.J. Shaw. 2014. "The Influence of the Second and Outer Coordination Spheres on Rh(diphosphine)2 CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 10:3663-3670. PNNL-SA-103717. doi:10.1021/cs5009199
• Galan B.R., E.S. Wiedner, M.L. Helm, J.C. Linehan, and A.M. Appel. 2014. "Effects of Phosphine-Carbene Substitutions on the Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Properties of Nickel Complexes." Organometallics 33, no. 9:2287-2294. PNNL-SA-97196. doi:10.1021/om500206e
• Ginovska-Pangovska B., A. Dutta, M.L. Reback, J.C. Linehan, and W.J. Shaw. 2014. "Beyond the Active Site: The Impact of the Outer Coordination Sphere on Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production and Oxidation." Accounts of Chemical Research 47, no. 8:2621-2630. PNNL-SA-102313. doi:10.1021/ar5001742
• Ginovska-Pangovska B., M. Ho, J.C. Linehan, Y. Cheng, M. Dupuis, S. Raugei, and W.J. Shaw. 2014. "Molecular Dynamics Study of the Proposed Proton Transport Pathways in [FeFe]-Hydrogenase." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta--Bioenergetics 1837, no. 1:131-138. PNNL-SA-94298. doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.08.004
• Jeletic M.S., M.L. Helm, E.B. Hulley, M.T. Mock, A.M. Appel, and J.C. Linehan. 2014. "A Cobalt Hydride Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of CO2: Pathways for Catalysis and Deactivation." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 10:3755-3762. PNNL-SA-103938. doi:10.1021/cs5009927
• Lercher J.A., A.M. Appel, T. Autrey, R.M. Bullock, D.M. Camaioni, H.M. Cho, and D.A. Dixon, et al. 2014. "Multifunctional Catalysts to Synthesize and Utilize Energy Carriers." In Frontiers at the Interface between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, II, 207-219. Washington, District Of Columbia:U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. PNNL-SA-103068.
• Yadav M., J.C. Linehan, A.J. Karkamkar, E.F. Van Der Eide, and D.J. Heldebrant. 2014. "Homogeneous Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methyl Formate Utilizing Switchable Ionic Liquids." Inorganic Chemistry 53, no. 18:9849-9854. PNNL-SA-99647. doi:10.1021/ic501378w

2013

• Jeletic M.S., M.T. Mock, A.M. Appel, and J.C. Linehan. 2013. "A Cobalt-based Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation Under Ambient Conditions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 31:11533-11536. PNNL-SA-94778. doi:10.1021/ja406601v

2012

• Jain A., G.W. Buchko, M.L. Reback, M.J. O'Hagan, B. Ginovska-Pangovska, J.C. Linehan, and W.J. Shaw. 2012. "Active Hydrogenation Catalyst with a Structured, Peptide-Based Outer-Coordination Sphere." ACS Catalysis 2, no. 10:2114-2118. PNNL-SA-88862. doi:10.1021/cs3004177
• Jain A., M.L. Helm, J.C. Linehan, D.L. DuBois, and W.J. Shaw. 2012. "Biologically Inspired Phosphino Platinum Complexes." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 22. PNNL-SA-81935. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2012.04.039
• Lense S., M. Ho, S. Chen, A. Jain, S. Raugei, J.C. Linehan, and J.A. Roberts, et al. 2012. "Incorporating Amino Acid Esters into Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation: Steric and Electronic Effects and the Role of Water as a Base." Organometallics 31, no. 19:6719-6731. PNNL-SA-87812. doi:10.1021/om300409y

2011

• Bayram E., J.C. Linehan, J.L. Fulton, J.A. Roberts, N. Szymczak, T.D. Smurthwaite, and S. Ozkar, et al. 2011. "Is It Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Catalysis Derived from [RhCp*Cl2]2? In Operando-XAFS, Kinetic and Crucial Kinetic Poisoning Evidence for Subnanometer Rh4 Cluster-Based Benzene Hydrogenation Catalysis." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 46:18889-18902. PNNL-SA-82012. doi:10.1021/ja2073438
• Galan B.R., J. Schoffel, J.C. Linehan, C. Seu, A.M. Appel, J.A. Roberts, and M.L. Helm, et al. 2011. "Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formate by [Ni(PR2NR`2)2(CH3CN)]2+ Complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 35:12767-12779. PNNL-SA-77812. doi:10.1021/ja204489e
• Jain A., S. Lense, J.C. Linehan, S. Raugei, H.M. Cho, D.L. DuBois, and W.J. Shaw. 2011. "Incorporating Peptides in the Outer Coordination Sphere of Bio-inspired Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production." Inorganic Chemistry 50, no. 9:4073-4085. PNNL-SA-75284. doi:10.1021/ic1025872

2010

• Rainbolt J.E., P.K. Koech, C.R. Yonker, F. Zheng, D. Main, M.L. Weaver, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2010. "Anhydrous Tertiary Alkanolamines as Hybrid Chemical and Physical CO2 Capture Reagents with Pressure-Swing Regeneration." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 2:480-484. PNWD-SA-9112. doi:10.1039/C0EE00506A
• Shaw W.J., M.E. Bowden, A.J. Karkamkar, C.J. Howard, D.J. Heldebrant, N.J. Hess, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2010. "Characterization of a New Phase of Ammonia Borane." Energy & Environmental Science 3, no. 6:796-804. PNNL-SA-66903.

2009

• Baer D.R., P.G. Tratnyek, J.E. Amonette, C. Chun, P. Nachimuthu, J. Nurmi, and R.L. Penn, et al. 2009. "Tuning the Properties of Iron Nanoparticles: Doping Effects on Reactivity and Aging." In International Perspectives on Environmental Nanotechnology: Applications and Implications, 1, 73-78. Washington Dc:Environmental Protection Agency. PNNL-SA-61979.
• Getty A.D., C. Tai, J.C. Linehan, P.G. Jessop, M.M. Olmstead, and A. Rheingold. 2009. "Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Ruthenium Trimethylphosphine Complexes: A Mechanistic Investigation using High-Pressure NMR Spectroscopy." Organometallics 28, no. 18:5466-5477. PNNL-SA-37821. doi:10.1021/om900128s
• Kathmann S.M., V.M. Parvanov, G.K. Schenter, A.C. Stowe, L.L. Daemen, M.A. Hartl, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2009. "Experimental and Computational Studies on Collective Hydrogen Dynamics in Ammonia Borane: Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 2:article no. 024507. PNNL-SA-61178. doi:10.1063/1.3042270
• Neiner D., A.J. Karkamkar, J.C. Linehan, B.W. Arey, T. Autrey, and S.M. Kauzlarich. 2009. "Promotion of Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane with Mechanically Activated Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, no. 3:1098-1103. PNNL-SA-62557. doi:10.1021/jp8087385
• Pons V., V. Pons, R. Baker, N.K. Szymczak, D.J. Heldebrant, J.C. Linehan, and M.H. Matus, et al. 2009. "Coordination of aminoborane, NH2BH2, dictates selectivity and extent of H2 release in metal-catalysed ammonia borane dehydrogenation." Chemical Communications 48. PNNL-SA-64217. doi:10.1039/b809190k
• Rousseau R.J., G.K. Schenter, J.L. Fulton, J.C. Linehan, M.H. Engelhard, and T. Autrey. 2009. "Defining Active Catalyst Structure and Reaction Pathways from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Operando XAFS: Dehydrogenation of Dimethylaminoborane by Rhodium Clusters." Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 30:10516-10524. PNNL-SA-64880.

2008

• Dietrich B.L., K.I. Goldberg, D.M. Heinekey, T. Autrey, and J.C. Linehan. 2008. "Iridium Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Substituted Amine Boranes: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Implications for Hydrogen Storage." Inorganic Chemistry 47, no. 19:8583-8585. PNNL-SA-62015. doi:10.1021/ic801161g
• Fister T.T., F.D. Vila, G.T. Seidler, L. Svec, J.C. Linehan, and J.O. Cross. 2008. "The Local Electronic Structure of Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes C2B10H12." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 3:925-932. PNNL-SA-56126. doi:10.1021/ja074794u
• Fister T.T., G.T. Siedler, E.L. Shirley, F.D. Vila, K.P. Nagle, J.J. Rehr, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2008. "The local electronic structure of a-Li3N." Journal of Chemical Physics 129, no. 4:345-352; Article No. 044702. PNNL-SA-58191.
• Franz J.A., J.C. Linehan, D.W. Matson, T.D. Smurthwaite, J. Bekhazi, and M.S. Alnajjar. 2008. "Development of Highly Reactive Nanometer Fe-Based Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction." In 24th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2007, 50. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:Pittsburgh Coal Conference. PNNL-SA-56248.
• Heldebrant D.J., A.J. Karkamkar, J.C. Linehan, and T. Autrey. 2008. "Synthesis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Storage Applications." Energy & Environmental Science 1, no. 1:156-160. PNNL-SA-60960. doi:10.1039/b808865a
• Heldebrant D.J., A.J. Karkamkar, J.C. Linehan, and T. Autrey. 2008. "Synthesis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Storage Applications." Energy & Environmental Science 1, no. 1:156-160. PNNL-SA-61234.
• Shaw W.J., J.C. Linehan, N.K. Szymczak, D.J. Heldebrant, C.R. Yonker, D.M. Camaioni, and R. Baker, et al. 2008. "In Situ Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonia Borane in Solution." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47, no. 39:7493-7496. PNNL-SA-60317. doi:10.1002/anie.200802100
• Shaw W.J., Y. Chen, J.L. Fulton, J.C. Linehan, A. Gutowska, and T.E. Bitterwolf. 2008. "Structural Evolution of a Recoverable Rhodium Hydrogenation Catalyst." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 693, no. 12:2111-2118. PNNL-SA-55495. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.03.011
• Xiong Z., Z. Xiong, Y. Chua, Y. Chua, G. Wu, W.L. Xu, and P. Chen, et al. 2008. "Interaction of Lithium Hydride and Ammonia Borane in THF." Chemical Communications 43. PNNL-SA-62842. doi:10.1039/b812576g
• Zheng F., S.D. Rassat, D.J. Heldebrant, D.D. Caldwell, C.L. Aardahl, T. Autrey, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2008. "Automated gas burette system for evolved hydrogen measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 8:Article no: 084103. PNNL-SA-60596. doi:10.1063/1.2968715

2007

• Baer D.R., P.G. Tratnyek, Y. Qiang, J.E. Amonette, J.C. Linehan, V. Sarathy, and J.T. Nurmi, et al. 2007. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles." In Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Sorbents and Sensors, edited by GE Fryxell and G Cao. 49-86. London:Imperial College Press. PNNL-SA-48350.
• Fulton J.L., J.C. Linehan, T. Autrey, M. Balasubramanian, Y. Chen, and N.K. Szymczak. 2007. "When is a Nanoparticle a Cluster? An Operando EXAFS Study of Amine Borane Dehydrocoupling by Rh4-6 Clusters." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 39:11936-11949. PNNL-SA-55184.
• Heldebrant D.J., J.C. Linehan, D.M. Camaioni, S.D. Rassat, F. Zheng, and T. Autrey. 2007. "EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE THERMOLYSIS OF AMMONIA BORANE." In 234th American Chemical Society Conference Proceedings - Reprints of Symposia - Division of Fuel Chemistry., 52, 563-564. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-55182.
• Stowe A.C., W.J. Shaw, J.C. Linehan, B. Schmid, and T. Autrey. 2007. "In situ solid state B-11 MAS-NMR studies of the thermal decomposition of ammonia borane: mechanistic studies of the hydrogen release pathways from a solid state hydrogen storage material." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP 9, no. 15:1831-1836. PNNL-SA-53454. doi:10.1039/b617781f

2006

• Brown C., T. Jacques, N.J. Hess, L.L. Daemen, E. Mamontov, J.C. Linehan, and A.C. Stowe, et al. 2006. "Dynamics of Ammonia Borane Using Neutron Scattering." Physica B Condensed Matter 385, no. Pt.1:266-268. PNNL-SA-49618.
• DuBois D.L., D.M. Blake, A. Miedaner, C.J. Curtis, M.R. DuBois, J.A. Franz, and J.C. Linehan. 2006. "Hydride Transfer from Rhodium Complexes to Triethylborane." Organometallics 25, no. 18:4414-4419. PNNL-SA-49421. doi:10.1021/om060584z
• Fulton J.L., D.W. Matson, K.H. Pecher, J.E. Amonette, and J.C. Linehan. 2006. "Metal-based Nanoparticle Synthesis from the Rapid Expansion of Carbon Dioxide Solutions." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 2:562-567. PNNL-SA-41170.
• Linehan J.C., C.M. Stiff, and G.E. Fryxell. 2006. "A simple determination of alkylsilane monolayer population density." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 9, no. 2:239-241. PNNL-SA-46532.

2005

• Chen Y., J.L. Fulton, J.C. Linehan, and T. Autrey. 2005. "In-situ XAFS and NMR Study of Rhodium Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine Borane." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 10:3254-3255. PNNL-SA-43132. doi:10.1021/ja0437050
• Linehan J.C., T. Autrey, J.L. Fulton, Y. Chen, and M. Balasubramanian. 2005. "Catalysis for Hydrogen Storage." In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society: 230th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, 230, U1651. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-45455.
• Nurmi J.T., P.G. Tratnyek, V. Sarathy, D.R. Baer, J.E. Amonette, K.H. Pecher, and C.M. Wang, et al. 2005. "Characterization and Properties of Metallic Iron Nanoparticles: Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Kinetics." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 5:1221-1230. PNNL-SA-41863.
• Shaw W.J., J.C. Linehan, A. Gutowska, D.J. Newell, T.E. Bitterwolf, J.L. Fulton, and Y. Chen, et al. 2005. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Recoverable Rhodium Catalyst with a Stimulus Sensitive Polymer Ligand." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 8, no. 10:894-896. PNNL-SA-45808.
• Yonker C.R., and J.C. Linehan. 2005. "The Use of Supercritical Fluids as Solvents for NMR Spectroscopy." Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 47, no. 1-2:95-109. PNNL-SA-45868.

2004

• Bitterwolf T.E., J.D. Newell, C.T. Carver, R.S. Addleman, J.C. Linehan, and G.E. Fryxell. 2004. "Rhodium catalysts bound to functionalized mesoporous silica." Inorganica Chimica Acta 357, no. 10:3001-3006. PNNL-SA-43062.
• Franz J.A., D.S. Kolwaite, J.C. Linehan, and E. Rosenberg. 2004. "Comparison of Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Rates of Terminal and Bridging Hydrides in Triosmium Clusters: Absolute Abstraction Rate Constants for Benzyl Radical." Organometallics 23, no. 3:441-445. PNNL-SA-38160.
• Franz J.A., J.C. Birnbaum, D.S. Kolwaite, J.C. Linehan, D.M. Camaioni, and M. Dupuis. 2004. "Activation of the Sulfhydryl Group by Mo Centers: Kinetics of Reaction of Benzyl Radical with a Binuclear Mo(mu-SH)Mo Complex and with Arene and Alkane Thiols." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 21:6680-6691. PNNL-SA-41124.
• Fryxell G.E., H. Wu, Y. Lin, W.J. Shaw, J.C. Birnbaum, J.C. Linehan, and Z. Nie, et al. 2004. "Lanthanide Selective Sorbents: Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS)." Journal of Materials Chemistry 14, no. 22:3356-3363. PNNL-SA-39211.
• Fryxell G.E., H. Wu, Y. Lin, W.J. Shaw, J.C. Birnbaum, J.C. Linehan, and Z. Nie, et al. 2004. "Lanthanide Selective Sorbents: Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS)." Journal of Materials Chemistry 14, no. 22:3356-3363. PNNL-SA-42916.
• Yonker C.R., and J.C. Linehan. 2004. "A High-Pressure NMR Investigation of Reaction Chemistries in a Simple Salt Hydrate." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 29, no. 3:257-263. PNNL-SA-38227.

2002

• Yonker C.R., and J.C. Linehan. 2002. "Investigation of the Hydroformylation of Ethylene in Liquid Carbon Dioxide." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 650, no. (1-2):249-257. PNNL-SA-35715.

2001

• Bitterwolf T.E., D.L. Klein, J.C. Linehan, C.R. Yonker, and R.S. Addleman. 2001. "Photochemical Carbonylation of Ethane Under Supercritical Conditions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, no. 14:2692-2694. PNNL-SA-35969.
• Bitterwolf T.E., J.C. Linehan, and J.E. Shade. 2001. "Solution and Nujol Matrix Photochemistry of (n5-C5H5)2OS2(CO)4 and Nujol Matrix Photochemistry of (n5-C5H4CH3)2Ru2(CO)4 and (n5-C5H5)M(CO)2H, where M = Ru and Os." Organometallics 20, no. 4:775-781. PNNL-SA-34195. doi:10.1021/om000845j
• Camaioni D.M., J.T. Bays, W.J. Shaw, J.C. Linehan, and J.C. Birnbaum. 2001. "Radical and Non-Radical Mechanisms for Alkane Oxidations by Hydrogen Peroxide-Trifluoroacetic Acid." Journal of Organic Chemistry 66, no. 3:789-795. PNNL-SA-33204. doi:10.1021/jo005617d
• Linehan J.C., C.R. Yonker, R.S. Addleman, T. Autrey, J.T. Bays, T.E. Bitterwolf, and J.L. Daschbach. 2001. "Solvent Study of the Kinetics of Molybdenum Radical Self-Termination." Organometallics 20, no. 3:401-407. PNNL-SA-34196.

2000

• Bitterwolf T.E., J.C. Linehan, and J.E. Shade. 2000. "Dihydrogen as a Reactant in the Photochemistry of Bimetallic Cyclopentadienyl Carbonyl Compounds." Organometallics 19, no. 23:4915-4917. PNNL-SA-34193. doi:10.1021/om000292c
• Franz J.A., D.M. Camaioni, T. Autrey, J.C. Linehan, and M.S. Alnajjar. 2000. "Measurement of Select Radical Processes in Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 54, no. 1-2:37-64. PNNL-SA-31521.

1999

• Autrey T., J.C. Linehan, L.E. Kaune, T.R. Powers, E.F. Mcmillan, C.J. Stearns, and J.A. Franz. 1999. "FeS Assisted Scission of Strong Bonds in Phenoxydiphenylmethanes. Competition between Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Free Radical Rearrangement Pathways." Energy and Fuels 13, no. 4:927-933. PNNL-SA-30761.
• Darab J.G., J.C. Linehan, and B.P. McGrail. 1999. "NMR characterization of simulated Hanford low-activity waste glasses and its use in understanding waste form chemical durability." In Scientific Basis For Nuclear Waste Management XXII, Materials Research Society Symposium Procedings, 556, 337-344. Warrendale, :Materials Research Society. PNNL-SA-31651.
• Franz J.A., J.C. Linehan, J.C. Birnbaum, K.L. Hicks, and M.S. Alnajjar. 1999. "Absolute Rate Expressions for Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from Molybdenum Hydrides by Carbon-Centered Radicals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121. PNNL-SA-31055.
• Linehan J.C., C.R. Yonker, J.T. Bays, T. Autrey, T.E. Bitterwolf, and S. Gallagher. 1999. "A Kinetic Study of the Thermal Loss of Ethylene from CpNb(CO)(3)(eta(2)-C2H4) in Supercritical Fluid Solvents." Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, no. 23:5826-5827. PNNL-SA-29520.
• Yonker C.R., J.C. Linehan, and J.L. Fulton. 1999. "The Use of High-Pressure NMR for the Determination of Phase-Behavior for Select Binary Solvent Systems." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 14, no. 1:9-16. PNNL-SA-29759.
• Yonker C.R., J.C. Linehan, and J.L. Fulton. 1999. "UV, EPR, X-ray and Related Spectroscopie Techniques." In Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical fluids, edited by Philip G. Jessop and Walter Leitner. 195-212. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH. PNNL-SA-30228.