PNNL

Dr. Leo S. Fifield leads research to measure, predict, and control the effects of environment, exposure, and history on polymer material structures and properties. He is the founding director of the Materials Aging and Detection Science Laboratory and the associated ARENA Integrated Test Bed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington.

He is the Cables Task Lead for the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Materials Research Pathway (supporting safe and sustainable use of electrical cables in commercial nuclear power plants) and the Materials Testing Lead for the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Office of Radiological Security Team Nablo (promoting e-beam and X-ray as alternatives to gamma radiation for medical device sterilization).

Dr. Fifield is the 2020-2022 Chair of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Richland Section, a Member of the IEEE Insulated Conductors Committee standards organization, and a Board Member of the IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

• Material synthesis, formulation, and processing
• Material and component characterization, simulation, and lifetime prediction
• Material performance in service environments
• Nondestructive and on-line condition assessment

• Ph.D., Chemistry & Nanotechnology, University of Washington
• M.S., Analytical Chemistry, University of Washington
• B.S., Chemistry & Physics, Westmont College
• Certified Project Management Professional

• Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• American Nuclear Society
• Society of Plastics Engineers

• American Nuclear Society, Human Factors, Instrumentation & Control Division, H.M. Hashemian Mid-Career Award (2022)
• United Way of Benton & Franklin Counties, Young Leaders Society, Member of the Year (2016)
• Battelle Key Contributor Award (2011)

• U.S. Patent No. 10,464,100, November 5, 2019, "System and Process for Formation of Time Released Drug-eluting Transferable Coating"
• U.S. Patent No. 9,919,264, March 20, 2018, "Enhanced Graphene Oxide Membranes and Methods for Making Same"
• U.S. Patent No. 9,499,880, November 22, 2016, "System and Process for Production of Magnesium Metal and Magnesium Hydride from Magnesium-Containing Salts and Brines (iEdison No. 0685901-13-0017)"
• U.S. Patent No. 8,110,167, February 7, 2012, "Nanowire Synthesis from Vapor and Solid Sources"

2021

Arman A.S., M. Ali, S.W. Glass, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Full-Wave and Circuit-Based Simulations of Cable Insulation Aging/Damage Using Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2021), December 12-15, 2021, Vancouver, BC, 531-534. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-163181. doi:10.1109/CEIDP50766.2021.9705408

Fifield L.S., M. Pharr, D. Staack, S.D. Pillai, L. Nichols, J. Mccoy, and T. Faucette, et al. 2021. "Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation doses on characteristics of low-density polyethylene, polypropylene homopolymer, polyolefin elastomer and chlorobutyl rubber medical device polymers." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 186. PNNL-SA-154281. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109505

Fifield L.S., M. Pharr, D. Staack, S.D. Pillai, L. Nichols, J. Mccoy, and T. Faucette, et al. 2021. "Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on single-use blood collection devices with plastic components." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 180. PNNL-SA-154311. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109282

Fifield L.S., M.R. Larche, B. Song, R.E. Norris, and P. Taynton. 2021. LightMAT - Continuous fiber malleable thermoset composites with sub-1-minute dwell times; validation of impact performance and evaluation of the efficacy of the compression forming process (CRADA 409 Final Report). PNNL-32428. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. LightMAT - Continuous fiber malleable thermoset composites with sub-1-minute dwell times; validation of impact performance and evaluation of the efficacy of the compression forming process (CRADA 409 Final Report)

Fuchs W.K., M.P. Spencer, D. Li, Y. Ni, A. Zwoster, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Correlation of Diffusion Limited Oxidation to Color Difference in Accelerated Aging of Electrical Cable Insulation." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2021), December 12-15, 2021, Vancouver, BC, 639-642. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-163670. doi:10.1109/CEIDP50766.2021.9705346

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, and M.P. Spencer. 2021. "Transition to Online Cable Insulation Condition Monitoring." In 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE 2021), July 28-30, 2021, Virtual, Online, Art. No. v001t14a004. New York, New York:American Society of Mechanical Engineers. PNNL-SA-165308.

Glass S.W., M.P. Spencer, A. Sriraman, L.S. Fifield, and M.S. Prowant. 2021. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Cable Moisture Exposure using Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR). PNNL-31934. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Cable Moisture Exposure using Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR)

Imran M., S.W. Glass, L.S. Fifield, and M. Ali. 2021. "Flexible Fabric-Based IDC Sensors for Conformal Curved Surface Applications." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 1:812-820. PNNL-SA-150896. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2020.3015156

Li D., M.P. Spencer, M. Pallaka, T.T. Bisel, Y. Ni, A. Zwoster, and M.K. Murphy, et al. 2021. "Principal Component Analysis of Nuclear Cable Insulation Subjected to Elevated Temperature and Gamma Radiation." In Electrical insulation conference (EIC 2021), June 7-28, 2021, Virtual, Online, 185 - 188. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-159344. doi:10.1109/EIC49891.2021.9612244

Li D., M.P. Spencer, Y. Ni, M. Pallaka, A. Zwoster, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Monitoring of the Aging Process of Nuclear Electrical Cable Insulation." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2021), December 12-15, 2021, Vancouver, BC, 514-517. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-163496. doi:10.1109/CEIDP50766.2021.9705438

Liu S., L.S. Fifield, and N. Bowler. 2021. "Aging Mechanisms of Filled Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Cable Insulation Material Exposed to Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 185. PNNL-SA-161290. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109486

Nassiri S., Z. Chen, G. Jian, T. Zhong, M. Haider, H. Li, and C.A. Fernandez, et al. 2021. "Comparison of Unique Effects of Two Contrasting Types of Cellulose Nanomaterials on Setting Time, Rheology, and Compressive Strength of Cement Paste." Cement and Concrete Composites 123. PNNL-SA-163634. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104201

Ni Y., T.T. Bisel, M.P. Spencer, W.K. Fuchs, M. Pallaka, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Color Change During Thermal Degradation of Polyolefin Electric Cable Insulations." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2021), December 12-15, 2021, Vancouver, BC, 129-132. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-163741. doi:10.1109/CEIDP50766.2021.9705427

Pallaka M., M.P. Spencer, T.T. Bisel, Y. Ni, M.K. Murphy, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Monitoring Degradation of Nuclear Cable Insulation Subjected To Sequential and Simultaneous Thermal and Radiation Aging." In Annual Technical Conference (ANTEC 2021), May 10-21, 2021, Virtual, Online, Paper No. 170574. Brookfield, Connecticut:Society of Plastics Engineers. PNNL-SA-157876.

Pallaka M., W.K. Fuchs, M.P. Spencer, A.L. Arteaga, A. Zwoster, and L.S. Fifield. 2021. "Detection of diffusion limited oxidation in thermally aged ethylene propylene rubber cable insulation material." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2021), December 12-15, 2021, Vancouver, BC, 526-530. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-163682. doi:10.1109/CEIDP50766.2021.9705460

2020

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, A.E. Holmes, and K.K. Anderson. 2020. Assessment of EPRI's Tan Delta Approach to Manage Cables in Submerged Environments: Statistical Review of EPRI Data. PNNL-28542 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Assessment of EPRI's Tan Delta Approach to Manage Cables in Submerged Environments: Statistical Review of EPRI Data

Spencer M.P., A. Zwoster, T.T. Bisel, M.K. Murphy, and L.S. Fifield. 2020. "Sequential versus Simultaneous Aging of XLPE Nuclear Cable Insulation Subjected to Elevated Temperature and Gamma Radiation." In IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC 2020), June 22-July 3, 2020, Knoxville, TN, 50-53. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-150824. doi:10.1109/EIC47619.2020.9158657

2019

Glass S.W., M. Al-Imran, L.S. Fifield, and M. Ali. 2019. "Simulation and Experimental Results of Interdigital Capacitor (IDC) Sensors to Monitor Insulation Degradation of Cables." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2019), October 2-23, 2019, Richland, WA, 368-372. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-143786. doi:10.1109/CEIDP47102.2019.9009659

Liu J., H.T. Schaef, P.F. Martin, B.P. McGrail, and L.S. Fifield. 2019. "Understanding H2 Evolution from the Decomposition of Di-butylmagnesium Isomers Using In-situ X-ray Diffraction Coupled with Mass Spectroscopy." ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, no. 7:5272-5278. PNNL-SA-119043. doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b00958

Shin Y., M.N. Taufique, R. Devanathan, E.C. Cutsforth, J. Lee, W. Liu, and L.S. Fifield, et al. 2019. "Highly Selective Supported Graphene Oxide Membranes for Water-Ethanol Separation." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1:Article No. 2251. PNNL-SA-130472. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38485-y

2018

Correa M., Q. Huang, and L.S. Fifield. 2018. "Tracking of Nuclear Cable Insulation Polymer Structural Changes using the Gel Fraction and Uptake Factor Method." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors, edited by J Jackson, D Paraventi and M Wright, 2, 99-105. Cham:Springer International Publishing. PNNL-SA-127199. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_9

Fifield L.S., A. Zwoster, and M.K. Murphy. 2018. Initiation of Experimental Campaign to Address Knowledge Gaps Related to Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Crosslinked Polyethylene and Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Cable Insulation. PNNL-27987. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Initiation of Experimental Campaign to Address Knowledge Gaps Related to Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Crosslinked Polyethylene and Ethylene-Propylene Rubber Cable Insulation

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, A.M. Jones, and T.S. Hartman. 2018. "Frequency Domain Reflectometry Modeling and Measurement for Nondestructive Evaluation of Nuclear Power Plant Cables." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors, edited by JH Jackson, D Paraventi and M Wright. 51-65. Cham:Springer. PNNL-SA-125030. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, N. Bowler, A. Sriraman, and W.C. Palmer. 2018. Interdigital Capacitance Local Non-Destructive Examination of Nuclear Power Plant Cable for Aging Management Programs. PNNL-27546. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Interdigital Capacitance Local Non-Destructive Examination of Nuclear Power Plant Cable for Aging Management Programs

Gupta V., P. Upadhyay, L.S. Fifield, T.J. Roosendaal, X. Sun, P. Nelaturu, and B. Carlson. 2018. "Linking process and structure in the friction stir scribe joining of dissimilar materials: a computational approach with experimental support." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 2018:615-624. PNNL-SA-129173. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.03.030

Liu J., M.D. Bearden, C.A. Fernandez, L.S. Fifield, S.K. Nune, R.K. Motkuri, and P.K. Koech, et al. 2018. "Techno-economic analysis of magnesium extraction from seawater via a catalyzed organo-metathetical process." JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 70, no. 3:431-435. PNNL-SA-119113. doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2735-6

Liu S., L.S. Fifield, and N. Bowler. 2018. "Aging Mechanisms and Nondestructive Aging Indicator of Filled Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Exposed to Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors, edited by J Jackson, D Paraventi and M Wright, 2, 65-75. Cham:Springer International Publishing. PNNL-SA-127618. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_6

Liu S., S.W. Veysey, L.S. Fifield, and N. Bowler. 2018. "Quantitative analysis of changes in antioxidant in crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation material exposed to heat and gamma radiation." Polymer Degradation and Stability 156. PNNL-SA-136319. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.011

Shao Z., M.I. Byler, S. Liu, N. Bowler, L.S. Fifield, and M.K. Murphy. 2018. "Dielectric Response of Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Cable Insulation Material to Radiation and Thermal Aging." In IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD 2018), July 1-5, 2018, Budapest, Hungary, 1-4. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-133356. doi:10.1109/ICD.2018.8514664

Sharma B., S.A. Kijewski, L.S. Fifield, Y. Shin, C.L. Tucker III, and M.D. Sangid. 2018. "Reliability in the Characterization of Fiber Length Distributions of Injection Molded Long Carbon Fiber Composites." Polymer Composites 39, no. 12:4594-4604. PNNL-SA-122679. doi:10.1002/pc.24571

2017

Fifield L.S., and M. Correa. 2017. Analysis of simultaneous thermal/gamma radiation aging of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation-interim status report. PNNL-26554. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Analysis of simultaneous thermal/gamma radiation aging of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation-interim status report

Fifield L.S., M. Correa, and A. Zwoster. 2017. Crystal River 3 Cable Materials for Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging. PNNL-26785. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Crystal River 3 Cable Materials for Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging

Fifield L.S., Y. Shin, and K.L. Simmons. 2017. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Polyolefin Thermal Aging Using Infrared Spectroscopy." In Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure 2017. Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by H. Felix Wu; Andrew L. Gyekenyesi; Peter J. Shull; Tzu-Yang Yu, 10169, 101690U. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-125251. doi:10.1117/12.2261983

Glass S.W., A.M. Jones, L.S. Fifield, and T.S. Hartman. 2017. "Frequency Domain Reflectometry NDE for Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants." In 43rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, July 17-22, 2016, Atlanta,Georgia. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1806, Paper No. 080015. Melville, New York:AIP Publishing. PNNL-SA-128221. doi:10.1063/1.4974640

Glass S.W., A.M. Jones, L.S. Fifield, T.S. Hartman, and N. Bowler. 2017. Physics-Based Modeling of Cable Insulation Conditions for Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR). PNNL-26493. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Physics-Based Modeling of Cable Insulation Conditions for Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR)

Imperatore M.V., L.S. Fifield, D. Fabiani, and N. Bowler. 2017. "Dielectric Spectroscopy on Thermally Aged, Intact Poly-vinyl Chloride/Ethylene Propylene Rubber (PVC/EPR) Multipolar Cables." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2017), October 22-25, 2017, Fort Worth, TX, 173-176. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-127283. doi:10.1109/CEIDP.2017.8257522

Larche M.R., M.S. Prowant, P.J. Bruillard, T.J. Hagge, L.S. Fifield, M.S. Hughes, and X. Sun. 2017. "A Comparison of Different NDE Signal Processing Techniques Based on Waveform Entropies Applied to Long Fiber Graphite/Epoxy Plates." In Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure, March 25, 2017, Portland, Oregon, Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by HF Wu, AL Gyekenyesi, PJ Shull and T-Y Yu, 10169, Paper No. 101690T. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-125214. doi:10.1117/12.2260490

2016

Duckworth R.C., E. Frame, L.S. Fifield, and S.W. Glass. 2016. "Benchmark Accelerated Aging of Harvested Hypalon/Epr and Cspe/Xlpe Power and I&C Cable in Nuclear Power Plants." In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, June 26-30, 2016, Charlotte, North Carolina, 1, Paper No. ICONE24-60311, pp. V001T01A007. New York, New York:ASME. PNNL-SA-116072. doi:10.1115/ICONE24-60311

Fifield L.S. 2016. Status Report and Research Plan for Cables Harvested from Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Generating Plant. PNNL-25833. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Status Report and Research Plan for Cables Harvested from Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Generating Plant

Fifield L.S., Q. Huang, M.I. Childers, M. Correa, Y. Shin, and A. Zwoster. 2016. Progress in Characterizing Thermal Degradation of Ethylene-Propylene Rubber. PNNL-25713; M3LW-16OR0404014. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Progress in Characterizing Thermal Degradation of Ethylene-Propylene Rubber

Fifield L.S., S. Liu, and N. Bowler. 2016. "Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Cable Polymers." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2016 ), October 16-19, 2016, Toronto, Canada. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-119035.

Fifield L.S., Y. Shin, W. Liu, and D.W. Gotthold. 2016. "Scalable Production Method for Graphene Oxide Water Vapor Separation Membranes." MRS Advances 1, no. 28:2091-2098. PNNL-SA-117497. doi:10.1557/adv.2016.485

Glass S.W., A.M. Jones, L.S. Fifield, and T.S. Hartman. 2016. Bulk Electrical Cable Non-Destructive Examination Methods for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs. PNNL-25634. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Bulk Electrical Cable Non-Destructive Examination Methods for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs

Glass S.W., and L.S. Fifield. 2016. "Nondestructive Examination for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs." LWRS Newsletter January 2016, no. 20:18-23. PNNL-SA-114754.

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, and T.S. Hartman. 2016. Evaluation of Localized Cable Test Methods for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs. PNNL-25432; M3LW-16OR0404022. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluation of Localized Cable Test Methods for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs

Liu S., L.S. Fifield, and N. Bowler. 2016. "Towards aging mechanisms of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable insulation materials in nuclear power plants." In IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2016), October 16-19, 2016, Toronto, Canada. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-123219. doi:10.1109/CEIDP.2016.7785636

Nguyen B., L.S. Fifield, U.N. Gandhi, S. Mori, and E.J. Wollan. 2016. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Thermoplastic Composites: Weight and Cost Analyses. PNNL-25646. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Thermoplastic Composites: Weight and Cost Analyses

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, G. Lambert, D.G. Baird, J. Wang, F. Costa, and C.L. Tucker III, et al. 2016. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2016 First Quarterly Report. PNNL-25163. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2016 First Quarterly Report

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, J. Wang, F. Costa, G. Lambert, D.G. Baird, and B. Sharma, et al. 2016. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Topical Report. PNNL-25440. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Topical Report

Shin Y., W. Liu, B. Schwenzer, S. Manandhar, D.G. Chase-Woods, M.H. Engelhard, and R. Devanathan, et al. 2016. "Graphene oxide membranes with high permeability and selectivity for dehumidification of air." Carbon 106. PNNL-SA-112915. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.05.023

Upadhyay P., Y. Hovanski, S. Jana, and L.S. Fifield. 2016. "Joining dissimilar materials using Friction Stir scribe technique." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 139, no. 3:Article No. 034501. PNNL-SA-121019. doi:10.1115/1.4034629

Upadhyay P., Y. Hovanski, S. Jana, and L.S. Fifield. 2016. "JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS USING FRICTION STIR SCRIBE TECHNIQUE." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 139, no. 3:Article No. 034501; Paper No: MANU-16-1436. PNNL-SA-120672. doi:10.1115/1.4034629

Upadhyay P., Y. Hovanski, S. Jana, and L.S. Fifield. 2016. "JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS USING FRICTION STIR SCRIBE TECHNIQUE." In Proceedings of the ASME 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, June 27-July 1, 2016, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1: Processing, Paper No. MSEC2016-8512, pp. V001T02A055. New York, New York:ASME. PNNL-SA-114869. doi:10.1115/MSEC2016-8512

2015

Fifield L.S., M.P. Westman, A. Zwoster, and B. Schwenzer. 2015. Assessment of Cable Aging Equipment, Status of Acquired Materials, and Experimental Matrix at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL-24198. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Assessment of Cable Aging Equipment, Status of Acquired Materials, and Experimental Matrix at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Glass S.W., L.S. Fifield, G. Dib, J.R. Tedeschi, A.M. Jones, and T.S. Hartman. 2015. State of the Art Assessment of NDE Techniques for Aging Cable Management in Nuclear Power Plants FY2015. PNNL-24649; M2LW-15OR0404024. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. State of the Art Assessment of NDE Techniques for Aging Cable Management in Nuclear Power Plants FY2015

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, E.J. Wollan, D. Roland, U.N. Gandhi, S. Mori, and G. Lambert, et al. 2015. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Fourth FY 2015 Quarterly Report. PNNL-24834 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Fourth FY 2015 Quarterly Report

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, S. Mori, U.N. Gandhi, J. Wang, F. Costa, and E.J. Wollan, et al. 2015. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2015 Third Quarterly Report. PNNL-24472. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2015 Third Quarterly Report

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, S.A. Kijewski, M.D. Sangid, J. Wang, F. Costa, and C.L. Tucker III, et al. 2015. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Second FY 2015 Quarterly Report. PNNL-24259. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - Second FY 2015 Quarterly Report

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, S.A. Kijewski, M.D. Sangid, J. Wang, X. Jin, and F. Costa, et al. 2015. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2015 First Quarterly Report. PNNL-24031. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2015 First Quarterly Report

Sevigny G.J., R.K. Motkuri, D.W. Gotthold, L.S. Fifield, A.P. Frost, and W. Bratton. 2015. SEPARATION OF TRITIATED WATER USING GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE. PNNL-24411. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. SEPARATION OF TRITIATED WATER USING GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANE

Upadhyay P., Y. Hovanski, L.S. Fifield, and K.L. Simmons. 2015. "FRICTION STIR LAP WELDING OF ALUMINUM - POLYMER USING SCRIBE TECHNOLOGY." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, March 15-19, 2015, Orlando, Florida, edited by RS Mishra, et al, 153-161. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-106300. doi:10.1002/9781119093343.ch17

Wang J., B.N. Nguyen, R.N. Mathur, B. Sharma, M.D. Sangid, F. Costa, and X. Jin, et al. 2015. "FIBER ORIENTATION IN INJECTION MOLDED LONG CARBON FIBER THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES." In Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) Annual Technical Conference (ANTEC 2015), March 23-25, 2015, Orlando, Florida. Bethel, Connecticut:Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE). PNNL-SA-106185.

2014

Nguyen B.N., L.S. Fifield, R.N. Mathur, S.A. Kijewski, M.D. Sangid, J. Wang, and X. Jin, et al. 2014. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2014 Fourth Quarterly Report. PNNL-23842. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Predictive Engineering Tools for Injection-Molded Long-Carbon-Fiber Thermoplastic Composites - FY 2014 Fourth Quarterly Report

Schonewill P.P., P.A. Gauglitz, R.W. Shimskey, K.M. Denslow, M.R. Powell, G.K. Boeringa, and J.R. Bontha, et al. 2014. Evaluation of Gas Retention in Waste Simulants: Tall Column Experiments. PNNL-23340; DSGREP-RPT-005, Rev.0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluation of Gas Retention in Waste Simulants: Tall Column Experiments

Simmons K.L., L.S. Fifield, M.P. Westman, and J.A. Roberts. 2014. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants: M3LW-14OR0404015 Cable Rejuvenation Report. PNNL-23606. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants: M3LW-14OR0404015 Cable Rejuvenation Report

Simmons K.L., P. Ramuhalli, A.F. Pardini, M.S. Prowant, L.S. Fifield, J.R. Tedeschi, and A.M. Jones, et al. 2014. "Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants using Non-destructive Evaluation." In 2014 ANS Winter Meeting and Nuclear Technology Expo, November 9-13, 2014, Anaheim, CA. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 111, 456-458. La Grange Park, Illinois:American Nuclear Society. PNNL-SA-104772.

2013

Simmons K.L., L.S. Fifield, and M.P. Westman. 2013. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants. PNNL-22775. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants

Simmons K.L., L.S. Fifield, M.P. Westman, P. Ramuhalli, A.F. Pardini, J.R. Tedeschi, and A.M. Jones. 2013. Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants - Interim Study FY13. PNNL-22812. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants - Interim Study FY13

2012

Prisbrey L., D. Roundy, K. Blank, L.S. Fifield, and E.D. Minot. 2012. "Electrical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Devices Prepared with Single Oxidative Point Defects." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 2:1961-1965. PNWD-SA-9562. doi:10.1021/jp208870c

Ren X., R. Qui, L.S. Fifield, K.L. Simmons, and K. li. 2012. "Effects of Surface Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 26, no. 18-19:2277-2289. PNNL-SA-91410. doi:10.1163/156856111X623087

2011

Matyas J., G.E. Fryxell, B.J. Busche, K. Wallace, and L.S. Fifield. 2011. "FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA AEROGELS: ADVANCED MATERIALS TO CAPTURE AND IMMOBILIZE RADIOACTIVE IODINE." In Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications: Papers from The American Ceramic Society's 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 23-28, 2011, Daytona Beach, Florida. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, edited by Y Katoh, et al, 32, 23-33. Hoboken, New Jersey:Wiley. PNNL-SA-77216. doi:10.1002/9781118095386.ch3

Qui R., X. Ren, L.S. Fifield, K.L. Simmons, and K. Li. 2011. "Hemp-Fiber-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites: Optimization of Processing and Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 121, no. 2:862-868. PNNL-SA-70326. doi:10.1002/app.33674

2010

Fifield L.S., and J.W. Grate. 2010. "Hydrogen-bond acidic functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with covalently-bound hexafluoroisopropanol groups." Carbon 48, no. 7:2085-2088. PNNL-SA-68638. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.02.019

Fifield L.S., and K.L. Simmons. 2010. "COMPRESSION MOLDED, BIO-FIBER REINFORCED, HIGH PERFORMANCE THERMOSET COMPOSITES FOR STRUCTURAL AND SEMI-STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS." In COMPOSITES: SHAPING NEW VEHICLES, 10th Annual Society of Plastics Engineers Automotive Composites Conference & Exhibition, September 15-16, 2010, Troy, Michigan. Newtown, Connecticut:Society of Plastics Engineers. PNNL-SA-74285.

Fifield L.S., C. Huang, and K.L. Simmons. 2010. "Investigation of Polymer Resin/Fiber Compatibility in Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite Automotive Materials." In 10th International Conference on Wood & Biofiber Plastic Composites. Madison, Wisconsin:Forest Products Society. PNNL-SA-67109.

Fifield L.S., K.L. Simmons, R. Battiste, C. Schutte, M.T. Smith, D. Houston, and L. Berger. 2010. "Evaluation of Composite Natural Fiber-Resin Compatibility." In 2009 Annual Progress Report: Lightweighting Materials. 8-77 - 8-85. Washington, DC:US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. PNNL-SA-70201.

Fifield L.S., K.L. Simmons, S. Laddha, and T.A. Kafentzis. 2010. "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF COMPRESSION MOLDED KENAF FIBER REINFORCED VINYL ESTER COMPOSITES THROUGH RESIN ADDITIVE." In SAMPE 2010: New Materials and Processes for a New Economy 55th International SAMPE Symposium, May 17-20, 2010, Seattle, Washington, edited by K Nelson, A Yousefpour and SW Beckwith. Covina, California:Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. PNNL-SA-70709.

Simmons K.L., L.S. Fifield, S. Laddha, F. Chen, and K.M. Wright. 2010. "EFFECT OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TREATMENTS ON UNRETTED KENAF FIBERS." In SAMPE 2010: New Materials and Processes for a New Economy 55th International SAMPE Symposium, May 17-20, 2010, Seattle Washington, edited by K Nelson, A Yousefpour and SC Beckwith, Paper No. 66. Covina, California:Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. PNNL-SA-70867.

Westman M.P., L.S. Fifield, K.L. Simmons, S. Laddha, and T.A. Kafentzis. 2010. Natural Fiber Composites: A Review. PNNL-19220. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Natural Fiber Composites: A Review

Zhang J., J. Liu, D. Wang, D. Choi, L.S. Fifield, C.M. Wang, and G. Xia, et al. 2010. "Vapor-Induced Solid-Liquid-Solid Process for Silicon-based Nanowire Growth." Journal of Power Sources 195, no. 6 SP ISS:1691-1697. PNNL-SA-67705.

2009

Simmons K.L., D.T. Howe, S. Laddha, and L.S. Fifield. 2009. "Natural Fiber Composite Retting, Preform Manufacture and Molding (Project 18988/Agreement 16313)." In 2009 Annual Progress Report: Lightweighting Materials. 8-54 - 8-65. Washington DC:Department of Energy; Vehicle Technologies Office. PNNL-SA-70189.

2008

Fifield L.S., C. Huang, K.L. Simmons, J.A. Carpenter, and M.T. Smith. 2008. "Evaluation of Composite Natural Fiber/Resin Compatibility." In Annual Progress Report 2008 Vehicle Technologies Program, Lightweigting Materials. 8-75 - 8-81. Washington, DC:US Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. PNNL-18108.

2007

Dutta D., S.K. Sundaram, J.G. Teeguarden, B.J. Riley, L.S. Fifield, J.M. Jacobs, and R.S. Addleman, et al. 2007. "Adsorbed Proteins Influence the Biological Activity and Molecular Targeting of Nanomaterials." Toxicological Sciences 100, no. 1:303-315. PNNL-SA-55139. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm217

Fifield L.S. 2007. "Carbon Nanotubes." In Productive Nanosystems: A Technology Roadmap. Menlo Park, California:Foresight Institute. PNWD-SA-7946.

Fifield L.S. 2007. "Piezoelectrics and Piezo Applications." In Productive Nanosystems: A Technology Roadmap. Menlo Pak, California:Foresight Institute. PNWD-SA-7948.

2006

Zheng F., D.L. Baldwin, L.S. Fifield, N.C. Anheier, C.L. Aardahl, and J.W. Grate. 2006. "Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Paper as a Sorbent for Organic Vapor Preconcentration." Analytical Chemistry 78, no. 7:2442-2446. PNNL-SA-45755.

2005

Fifield L.S., K.M. Denslow, A. Gutowska, K.L. Simmons, and J. Holbery. 2005. "ROLE OF FIBER MODIFICATION IN NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE PROCESSING." In International SAMPE Technical Conference: Materials and Processing Technologies for Revolutionary Applications. Covina, California:Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. PNNL-SA-53296.

2004

Fifield L.S., L.R. Dalton, R.S. Addleman, R.A. Galhotra, M.H. Engelhard, G.E. Fryxell, and C.L. Aardahl. 2004. "Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Molecular Anchors using Supercritical Fluids." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108, no. 25:8737-8741. PNNL-SA-40325.