Staff information

Research Interests

• Data Assimilation and Numerical Weather Prediction
• Atmospheric Model Evaluation
• Hurricane and Tropical Cyclones
• Weather and Climate Dynamics

Education and Credentials

• Ph.D., Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, USA
• M.S., Meteorology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
• B.S., Meteorology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China

Affiliations and Professional Service

• Member of American Geophysical Union (AGU)
• Member of American Meteorological Society (AMS)

Awards and Recognitions

• Best Student Poster Presentation, American Meteorological Society’s 21st Conference on Satellite Meteorology (2016)
• National Scholarship for Graduate Students (2012)
• Undergraduate Honors Thesis (2010)
• National Scholarship for Undergraduate Students (2009)
• China National Innovative Experiment Program for Undergraduates (2009)
• National Encouragement Award (2008)
• Outstanding Undergraduate Student Award (2007-2009)

PNNL Publications

2024

• Hassan Mozumder M., K. Zhang, J. Li, B. Singh, S. Zhang, H. Wang, and P. Ma. 2024. "Impacts of spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic aerosol emissions in a regionally refined global aerosol-climate model." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 8:3507-3532. PNNL-SA-185364. doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3507-2024
• Li J., K. Zhang, M. Hassan Mozumder, S. Zhang, P. Ma, B. Singh, and Q. Yan, et al. 2024. "Assessing the Sensitivity of Aerosol Mass Budget and Effective Radiative Forcing to Horizontal Grid Spacing in E3SMv1 Using A Regional Refinement Approach." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 3:1327-1347. PNNL-SA-183690. doi:10.5194/gmd-17-1327-2024
• Shi P., L. Leung, B. Wang, K. Zhang, S.M. Hagos, and S. Zhang. 2024. "The 4DEnVar-based weakly coupled land data assimilation system for E3SM version 2." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 7:3025-3040. PNNL-SA-186390. doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3025-2024
• Zhang S., B.E. Harrop, L. Leung, A. Charalampopoulos, B. Barthel Sorensen, W. Xu, and T. Sapsis. 2024. "A Machine Learning Bias Correction of Large-scale Environment of High-Impact Weather Systems in E3SM Atmosphere Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 8:e2023MS004138. PNNL-SA-192555. doi:10.1029/2023MS004138

2023

• Zhang S., C.J. Vogl, V.E. Larson, Q.M. Bui, H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, and C. Woodward. 2023. "Removing numerical pathologies in a turbulence parameterization through convergence testing." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 5:Art. No. e2023MS003633. PNNL-SA-171844. doi:10.1029/2023MS003633

2022

• Brunke M., L. Cutler, R. Urzua, A. Corral, E. Crosbie, J. Hair, and C.A. Hostetler, et al. 2022. "Aircraft Observations of Turbulence in Cloudy and Cloud-Free Boundary Layers Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean From ACTIVATE and Implications for the Earth System Model Evaluation and Development." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 19:e2022JD036480. PNNL-SA-169729. doi:10.1029/2022JD036480
• Fan J., Y. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Jeong, X. Chen, S. Zhang, and Y. Lin, et al. 2022. "Contrasting Responses of Hailstorms to Anthropogenic Climate Change in Different Synoptic Weather Systems." Earth's Future 10, no. 8:Art. No. e2022EF002768. PNNL-SA-159712. doi:10.1029/2022EF002768
• Fan J., Y. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Jeong, X. Chen, S. Zhang, and Y. Lin, et al. 2022. "Contrasting Responses of Hailstorms to Anthropogenic Climate Change in Different Synoptic Weather Systems." Earth's Future 10, no. 8:Art. No. e2022EF002768. PNNL-SA-170992. doi:10.1029/2022EF002768
• Wan H., K. Zhang, P.J. Rasch, V.E. Larson, X. Zeng, S. Zhang, and R. Dixon. 2022. "CondiDiag 1.0: A flexible online diagnostic tool for conditional sampling and budget analysis in the E3SM atmosphere model (EAM)." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 8:3205-3231. PNNL-SA-167080. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-3205-2022
• Zhang K., W. Zhang, H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, S.J. Ghan, R.C. Easter, and X. Shi, et al. 2022. "Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SM version 1: historical changes, causality, decomposition, and parameterization sensitivities." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 13:9129-9160. PNNL-SA-169371. doi:10.5194/acp-22-9129-2022
• Zhang S., K. Zhang, H. Wan, and J. Sun. 2022. "Further improvement and evaluation of nudging in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1): simulations of the mean climate, weather events, and anthropogenic aerosol effects." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 17:6787-6816. PNNL-SA-169668. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-6787-2022

2021

• Wan H., S. Zhang, P.J. Rasch, V. Larson, X. Zeng, and H. Yan. 2021. "Quantifying and attributing time step sensitivities in present-day climate simulations conducted with EAMv1." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4:1921-1948. PNNL-SA-156407. doi:10.5194/gmd-14-1921-2021

2020

• Vogl C.J., H. Wan, S. Zhang, C. Woodward, and P. Stinis. 2020. "Improving time step convergence in an atmosphere model with simplified physics: using mathematical rigor to avoid nonphysical behavior in a parameterization." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 10:Article No. e2019MS001974. PNNL-SA-149966. doi:10.1029/2019MS001974
• Wan H., C. Woodward, S. Zhang, C.J. Vogl, P. Stinis, D. Gardner, and P.J. Rasch, et al. 2020. "Improving time step convergence in an atmosphere model with simplified physics: the impacts of closure assumption and process coupling." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 10:Article No. e2019MS001982. PNNL-SA-149970. doi:10.1029/2019MS001982
• Zhang S., and Z. Pu. 2020. "Evaluation of the Four-dimensional Ensemble-Variational Hybrid Data Assimilation with Self-consistent Regional Background Error Covariance for Improved Hurricane Intensity Forecasts." Atmosphere 11, no. 9:1007. PNNL-SA-156318. doi:10.3390/atmos11091007

2019

• Sun J., K. Zhang, H. Wan, P. Ma, Q. Tang, and S. Zhang. 2019. "Impact of nudging strategy on the climate representativeness and hindcast skill of constrained EAMv1 simulations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 12:3911-3933. PNNL-SA-149231. doi:10.1029/2019MS001831
• Zhang S., H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, B. Singh, V.E. Larson, and C. Woodward. 2019. "An objective and efficient method for assessing the impact of reduced-precision calculations on solution correctness." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 10:3131-3147. PNNL-SA-145080. doi:10.1029/2019MS001817