Staff information

Lai-yung Ruby Leung

Atmos., Climate, & Earth Sci
Battelle Fellow, Earth Sci
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
MSIN: K9-30
Richland, WA 99352
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Biography

Dr. L. Ruby Leung is a Battelle Fellow at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and an Affiliate Scientist at National Center for Atmospheric Research. Her research broadly cuts across multiple areas in modeling and analysis of climate and the hydrological cycle including land-atmosphere interactions, orographic processes, monsoon climate, climate extremes, land surface processes, and aerosol-cloud interactions. Her research on climate change impacts has been featured in Science, Popular Science, Wall Street Journal, National Public Radio, and many major newspapers.

Dr. Leung is the Chief Scientist of Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) supported by Department of Energy. She has organized key workshops sponsored by DOE, NSF, NOAA, and NASA, and served on advisory panels and NRC committee that define future priorities in climate modeling, hydroclimate, and water cycle research. She is an editor of the American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres and American Meteorological Society Journal of Hydrometeorology. She has published over 250 peer-reviewed journal articles and has been session chairs and keynote/invited speakers in many workshops and conferences.

Research Interests

Regional and global climate modeling
Land-atmosphere interactions
Regional hydrologic cycle
Orographic precipitation
Climate extremes
Climate variability and change

Education and Credentials

Ph.D., Atmospheric Science, Texas A&M University
M.S., Atmospheric Science, Texas A&M University
B.S., (Honors) Physics & Statistics, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Affiliations and Professional Service

American Meteorological Society
American Geophysical Union
American Association for the Advancement of Science

Awards and Recognitions

Member of National Academy of Engineering
Member of the Washington State Academy of Sciences
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Meteorological Society
Fellow, American Geophysical Union

PNNL Publications

2024

Abeshu G.W., H. Li, M. Shi, J. Brookshire, J. Tang, C. Xu, and N.G. McDowell, et al. 2024. "Generalized relationship linking water balance and vegetation productivity across site-to-regional scales." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 29, no. 5:Art. No. 04024030. PNNL-SA-184351. doi:10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6163
Balaguru K., S. Wang, L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, B.E. Harrop, C. Chang, and S. Lubis, et al. 2024. "Influence of Eastern Pacific hurricanes on the Southwest US wildfire environment." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 4:Art. No. e2023GL106774. PNNL-SA-191085. doi:10.1029/2023GL106774
Feng Z., X. Chen, and L. Leung. 2024. "How Might the May 2015 Flood in the U.S. Southern Great Plains Induced by Clustered MCSs Unfold in the Future?." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129, no. 8:Art. No. e2023JD039605. PNNL-SA-186794. doi:10.1029/2023JD039605
Garuba O.A., P.J. Rasch, L. Leung, H. Wang, S.M. Hagos, and B. Singh. 2024. "Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 5:Art. No. e2023MS003910. PNNL-SA-187000. doi:10.1029/2023MS003910
Hu H., L. Leung, F. Dominguez, D. Gochis, X. Chen, S.P. Good, and A. Dugger, et al. 2024. "Integrating a water tracer model to WRF-Hydro for Characterizing the Effect of Lateral Flow in Hydrologic Simulations." Water Resources Research 60, no. 7:Art. No. e2023WR034938. PNNL-SA-176715. doi:10.1029/2023WR034938
Hu H., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and J.N. Marquis. 2024. "Moisture Recycling through pumping by mesoscale convective systems." Journal of Hydrometeorology 25, no. 6:867-880. PNNL-SA-190973. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-23-0174.1
Koszuta M., N. Siler, L. Leung, and J.J. Wettstein. 2024. "Weakened Orographic Influence on Cool-Season Precipitation in Simulations of Future Warming Over the Western US." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 2:Art. No. e2023GL107298. PNNL-SA-181174. doi:10.1029/2023GL107298
Liu Y., Y. Qian, P.J. Rasch, K. Zhang, L. Leung, Y. Wang, and M. Wang, et al. 2024. "Fire-precipitation interactions amplify the quasi-biennial variability in fires over southern Mexico and Central America." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 5:3115-3128. PNNL-SA-163254. doi:10.5194/acp-24-3115-2024
Ma W., H. Wang, G. Chen, L. Leung, J. Lu, P.J. Rasch, and Q. Fu, et al. 2024. "The role of interdecadal climate oscillations in driving Arctic atmospheric river trends." Nature Communications 15. PNNL-SA-190165. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45159-5
Muelmenstaedt J.H., E. Gryspeerdt, S. Dipu, J. Quaas, A. Ackerman, A. Fridlind, and F. Tornow, et al. 2024. "General circulation models simulate negative liquid water path--droplet number correlations, but anthropogenic aerosols still increase simulated liquid water path." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 12:7331-7345. PNNL-SA-193973. doi:10.5194/acp-24-7331-2024
Narayanan A., K. Balaguru, W. Xu, and L. Leung. 2024. "A new method for predicting hurricane rapid intensification based on co-occurring environmental parameters." Natural Hazards 120, no. 1:881-899. PNNL-SA-180864. doi:10.1007/s11069-023-06100-z
Shaw T.A., P. Arias, M. Collins, D. Coumou, A. Diedhiou, C.I. Garfinkle, and S. Jain, et al. 2024. "Regional Climate Change: Consensus, Discrepancies, and Ways Forward." Frontiers in Climate 6. PNNL-SA-198550. doi:10.3389/fclim.2024.1391634
Shi M., M. Keller, B. Bomfim, L. Li, C.D. Koven, L. Kueppers, and R. Knox, et al. 2024. "Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) for Hurricane Disturbance and Recovery." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 1:Art. No. e2023MS003679. PNNL-SA-180797. doi:10.1029/2023MS003679
Shi P., L. Leung, B. Wang, K. Zhang, S.M. Hagos, and S. Zhang. 2024. "The 4DEnVar-based weakly coupled land data assimilation system for E3SM version 2." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 7:3025-3040. PNNL-SA-186390. doi:10.5194/gmd-17-3025-2024
Song J., F. Song, Z. Feng, L. Leung, C. Li, and L. Wu. 2024. "Realistic precipitation diurnal cycle in global convection-permitting models by resolving mesoscale convective systems." Geophysical Research Letters 51, no. 13:e2024GL109945. PNNL-SA-194190. doi:10.1029/2024GL109945
Xu D., G. Bisht, Z. Tan, C. Liao, T. Zhou, H. Li, and L. Leung. 2024. "Disentangling the hydrological and hydraulic controls on streamflow variability in Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) V2-a case study in the Pantanal region." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 3:1197 - 1215. PNNL-SA-189594. doi:10.5194/gmd-17-1197-2024
Xu D., G. Bisht, Z. Tan, E. Sinha, A. Di Vittorio, T. Zhou, and V. Ivanov, et al. 2024. "Climate change will reduce North American inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes." Nature Communications 15, no. _:Art. No. 2438. PNNL-SA-184173. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45286-z
Xu W., K. Balaguru, D.R. Judi, J.R. Rice, L. Leung, and S.J. DiLeonardo. 2024. "A North Atlantic synthetic tropical cyclone track, intensity, and rainfall dataset." Scientific Data 11. PNNL-SA-185881. doi:10.1038/s41597-024-02952-7
Zhang S., B.E. Harrop, L. Leung, A. Charalampopoulos, B. Barthel Sorensen, W. Xu, and T. Sapsis. 2024. "A Machine Learning Bias Correction of Large-scale Environment of High-Impact Weather Systems in E3SM Atmosphere Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 8:e2023MS004138. PNNL-SA-192555. doi:10.1029/2023MS004138
Zhang X., Y. Fang, G. Niu, P. Troch, B. Guo, L. Leung, and M. Brunke, et al. 2024. "Impacts of Topography-Driven Water Redistribution on Terrestrial Water Storage Change in California Through Ecosystem Responses." Water Resources Research 60, no. 2:Art. No. e2023WR035572. PNNL-SA-198011. doi:10.1029/2023WR035572

2023

Baby John E., K. Balaguru, L. Leung, G.R. Foltz, R.D. Hetland, and S.M. Hagos. 2023. "Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) over the Mississippi River plume." Weather and Forecasting 38, no. 8:1391-1404. PNNL-SA-179399. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-22-0191.1
Chang C., S. Lubis, K. Balaguru, L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, and P.J. Klotzbach. 2023. "An Extratropical Pathway for the Madden-Julian Oscillation’s Influence on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Climate 36, no. 24:8539 - 8559. PNNL-SA-184405. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0251.1
Chen X., L. Leung, and L. Dong. 2023. "Antecedent Hydrometeorological Conditions of Wildfire Occurrence in the Western U.S. in a Changing Climate." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 22:Art. No. e2023JD039136. PNNL-SA-191888. doi:10.1029/2023JD039136
Chen X., L. Leung, and N. Sun. 2023. "Weather Systems Connecting Modes of Climate Variability to Regional Hydroclimate Extremes." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 24:Art. No. e2023GL105530. PNNL-SA-187578. doi:10.1029/2023GL105530
Chen X., L. Leung, Y. Gao, Y. Liu, and M.S. Wigmosta. 2023. "Sharpening of Cold-season Storms over the Western United States." Nature Climate Change 13, no. 2:167-173. PNNL-SA-179916. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01578-0
Chen X., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and Q. Yang. 2023. "Diurnal MCSs precede the genesis of tropical cyclone Mora (2017): The role of convectively forced gravity waves." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 80, no. 6:1463-1479. PNNL-SA-182918. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-22-0203.1
Chen X., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and Q. Yang. 2023. "Environmental Controls on MCS Lifetime Rainfall Over Tropical Oceans." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 15:Art. No. e2023GL103267. PNNL-SA-189595. doi:10.1029/2023GL103267
Chen Z., J. Lu, C. Chang, S. Lubis, and L. Leung. 2023. "Projected increase in summer heat-dome-like stationary waves over Northwestern North America." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 6. PNNL-SA-187173. doi:10.1038/s41612-023-00511-2
Cheng Y., J. Dias, G. Kiladis, Z. Feng, and L. Leung. 2023. "Mesoscale Convective Systems Modulated by Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 10:Art. No. e2023GL103335. PNNL-SA-185815. doi:10.1029/2023GL103335
Fang Y., and L. Leung. 2023. "Northern hemisphere snow drought in Earth system model simulations and ERA5-Land data in 1980-2014." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 23:Art. No. e2023JD039308. PNNL-SA-185753. doi:10.1029/2023JD039308
Feng D., Z. Tan, D. Xu, and L. Leung. 2023. "Understanding the Compound Flood Risk along the Coast of the Contiguous United States." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 21:3911-3934. PNNL-SA-181995. doi:10.5194/hess-27-3911-2023
Feng Z., J.C. Hardin, H.C. Barnes, J. Li, L. Leung, A.C. Varble, and Z. Zhang. 2023. "PyFLEXTRKR: a Flexible Feature Tracking Python Software for Convective Cloud Analysis." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 10:2753-2776. PNNL-SA-179219. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-2753-2023
Goldenson N., L. Leung, L. Mearns, D.W. Pierce, K. Reed, I. Simpson, and P. Ullrich, et al. 2023. "Use-Inspired, Process-Oriented GCM Selection: Prioritizing Models for Regional Dynamical Downscaling." Bulletin of American Meteorological Society 104, no. 9:E1619-E1629. PNNL-SA-188030. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0100.1
Guo Y., Q. Fu, L. Leung, Y. Na, and R. Lu. 2023. "Trends in Warm Season Mesoscale Convective Systems over Asia in 2001-2020." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 17:Art. No. e2023JD038969. PNNL-SA-190276. doi:10.1029/2023JD038969
Hagos S.M., J. Jung, P. Ma, S. Lubis, K. Balaguru, C. Chang, and L. Leung. 2023. "East African Monsoon as a Drawbridge for the Circumnavigation of Madden-Julian Oscillation Events." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 12:Art. No. e2023GL102906. PNNL-SA-185746. doi:10.1029/2023GL102906
Hao D., G. Bisht, H. Wang, D. Xu, H. Huang, Y. Qian, and L. Leung. 2023. "A cleaner snow future mitigates Northern Hemisphere snowpack loss from warming." Nature Communications 14. PNNL-SA-190229. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41732-6
Hao D., G. Bisht, K. Rittger, E. Bair, C. He, H. Huang, and C. Dang, et al. 2023. "Improving snow albedo modeling in E3SM land model (version 2.0) and assessing its impacts on snow and surface fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 1:75-94. PNNL-SA-170799. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-75-2023
Hao D., G. Bisht, K. Rittger, T. Stillinger, E. Bair, Y. Gu, and L. Leung. 2023. "Evaluation of E3SM land model snow simulations over the western United States." The Cryosphere 17, no. 2:673-697. PNNL-SA-178913. doi:10.5194/tc-17-673-2023
Hao D., G. Bisht, Y. Gu, and L. Leung. 2023. "Regional and Teleconnected Impacts of Solar Radiation-Topography Interaction over the Tibetan Plateau." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 23:Art. No. e2023GL106293. PNNL-SA-190228. doi:10.1029/2023GL106293
Harrop B.E., K. Balaguru, J. Golaz, L. Leung, S. Mahajan, A. Rhoades, and P. Ullrich, et al. 2023. "Evaluating the water cycle over CONUS at the watershed scale for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) across resolution." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 11:Art. No. e2022MS003490. PNNL-SA-178462. doi:10.1029/2022MS003490
Howes C., P.E. Saide, H. Coe, A.N. Dobracki, S. Freitag, J. Haywood, and S.B. Howell, et al. 2023. "Biomass-burning smoke's properties and its interactions with marine stratocumulus clouds in WRF-CAM5 and southeastern Atlantic field campaigns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 21:13911-13940. PNNL-SA-197967. doi:10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023
Lau W.K., K. Kim, B.E. Harrop, and L. Leung. 2023. "Changing Characteristics of Tropical Extreme Precipitation- Cloud Regimes in Warmer Climates." Atmosphere 14, no. 6:Art. No. 995. PNNL-SA-192667. doi:10.3390/atmos14060995
Li J., Y. Qian, L. Leung, X. Chen, Z. Yang, and Z. Feng. 2023. "Potential weakening of the June 2012 North American derecho under future warming conditions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 2:Art. No. e2022JD037494. PNNL-SA-175153. doi:10.1029/2022JD037494
Li L., Y. Fang, Z. Zheng, M. Shi, M. Longo, C.D. Koven, and J.A. Holm, et al. 2023. "A machine learning approach targeting parameter estimation for plant functional type coexistence modeling using ELM-FATES (V2.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 14:4017-4040. PNNL-SA-180863. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-4017-2023
Liao C., T. Zhou, D. Xu, M.G. Cooper, D. Engwirda, H. Li, and L. Leung. 2023. "Topological Relationship-Based Flow Direction Modeling: Mesh-Independent River Networks Representation." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 2:Art. No. e2022MS003089. PNNL-SA-171377. doi:10.1029/2022MS003089
Liao C., T. Zhou, D. Xu, Z. Tan, G. Bisht, M.G. Cooper, and D. Engwirda, et al. 2023. "Topological relationship-based flow direction modeling: stream burning and depression filling." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 11:Art. No. e2022MS003487. PNNL-SA-183275. doi:10.1029/2022MS003487
Lin G., L. Leung, J. Lee, B.E. Harrop, I. Baker, M. Branson, and S. Denning, et al. 2023. "Modeling land-atmosphere coupling at cloud-resolving scale within the Multiple Atmosphere Multiple Land (MAML) framework in SP-E3SM." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 2:Art. No. e2022MS003101. PNNL-SA-181539. doi:10.1029/2022MS003101
Lubis S., S.M. Hagos, C. Chang, K. Balaguru, and L. Leung. 2023. "Cross-Equatorial Surges Boost MJO's Southward Detour over the Maritime Continent." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 15:e2023GL104770. PNNL-SA-185613. doi:10.1029/2023GL104770
Martin Z., I. Simpson, P. Lin, C. Orbe, Q. Tang, J.M. Caron, and C. Chen, et al. 2023. "The Lack of a QBO-MJO Connection in Climate Models with a Nudged Stratosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 17:Art. No. e2023JD038722. PNNL-SA-189767. doi:10.1029/2023JD038722
Mondal S., A.K. Mishra, L. Leung, and B.J. Cook. 2023. "Global droughts connected by Linkages between drought hubs." Nature Communications 14, no. 1:Art. No. 144. PNNL-SA-180932. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35531-8
Qin H., S.A. Klein, H. Ma, K. Van Weverberg, Z. Feng, X. Chen, and M. Best, et al. 2023. "Summertime Near-Surface Temperature Biases Over the Central United States in Convection-Permitting Simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128, no. 22:Art. No. e2023JD038624. PNNL-SA-193769. doi:10.1029/2023JD038624
Rai P.K., C.N. Sarangi, N. Arun, S.N. Kuiry, and L. Leung. 2023. "The Dichotomy of Wet and Dry Trends Over India by Aerosol Indirect Effects in CMIP5 Models." Earth's Future 11, no. 8:e2022EF003266. PNNL-SA-192622. doi:10.1029/2022EF003266
Sakaguchi K., L. Leung, C.M. Zarzycki, J. Jang, S. McGinnis, S. McGinnis, and B.E. Harrop, et al. 2023. "Technical descriptions of the experimental dynamical downscaling simulations over North America by the CAM-MPAS variable-resolution model." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 10:3029-3081. PNNL-SA-179477. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-3029-2023
Sarangi C.N., Y. Qian, L. Leung, Y. Zhang, Y. Zou, and Y. Wang. 2023. "Projected increases in wildfires may challenge regulatory curtailment of PM2.5 over the eastern US by 2050." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 2:1769 - 1783. PNNL-SA-183569. doi:10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023
Shields C.A., A.E. Payne, E.J. Shearer, M.F. Wehner, T.A. O'Brien, J.J. Rutz, and L. Leung, et al. 2023. "Future Atmospheric Rivers and Impacts on Precipitation: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 High-Resolution Global Warming Experiment." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 6:Art. No. e2022GL102091. PNNL-SA-182960. doi:10.1029/2022GL102091
Stephens G., J. Polcher, X. Zeng, P.J. Van Oevelen, G. Poveda, M. Bosilovich, and M. Ahn, et al. 2023. "The First 30 years of GEWEX." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 104, no. 1:E126-E157. PNNL-SA-179253. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0061.1
Tebaldi C., M.F. Wehner, L. Leung, and D. Lawrence. 2023. "Is land use producing robust signals in future projections from earth system models, all else being equal?." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 8:Art. No. 084009. PNNL-SA-182558. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ace3da
Xue D., J. Lu, L. Leung, H. Teng, F. Song, T. Zhou, and Y. Zhang. 2023. "Robust projection of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall based on dynamical modes of variability." Nature Communications 14. PNNL-SA-175512. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39460-y
Xue Z., P. Ullrich, and L. Leung. 2023. "Sensitivity of the pseudo-global warming method under flood conditions: A case study from the Northeastern U.S." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 9:1909-1927. PNNL-SA-180869. doi:10.5194/hess-27-1909-2023
Yang Q., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and X. Chen. 2023. "A Moist Potential Vorticity Model for Mid-Latitude Long-Lived Mesoscale Convective Systems over Land." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 80, no. 10:2399-2418. PNNL-SA-188085. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-22-0244.1
Yang Q., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and X. Chen. 2023. "Impact of Global Warming on U.S. Summertime Mesoscale Convective Systems: A Simple Lagrangian Parcel Model Perspective." Journal of Climate 36, no. 14:4597-4618. PNNL-SA-172569. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0291.1
Zhang Y., C. Li, F. Chiew, D. Post, X. Zhang, N. Ma, and J. Tian, et al. 2023. "Southern Hemisphere dominates recent decline in global water availability." Science 382, no. 6670:579-584. PNNL-SA-198015. doi:10.1126/science.adh0716
Zhou W., L. Leung, and J. Lu. 2023. "The role of interactive soil moisture in land drying under anthropogenic warming." Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 19:Art. No. e2023GL105308. PNNL-SA-190711. doi:10.1029/2023GL105308
Zhuang Q., M. Guo, J.M. Melack, X. Lan, Z. Tan, Y. Oh, and L. Leung. 2023. "Current and future global lake methane emissions: A process-based modeling analysis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 128, no. 3:Art. No. e2022JG007137. PNNL-SA-176712. doi:10.1029/2022JG007137

2022

Abeshu G.W., H. Li, Z. Zhu, Z. Tan, and L. Leung. 2022. "Median bed-material sediment particle size across rivers in the contiguous US." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 2:929-942. PNNL-SA-163836. doi:10.5194/essd-14-929-2022
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, L. Leung, and S.M. Hagos. 2022. "Impact of rainfall on tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 10:Art. No. e2022GL098187. PNNL-SA-172881. doi:10.1029/2022GL098187
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, L. Leung, W. Xu, D. Kim, H. Lopez, and R. West. 2022. "Increasing hurricane intensification rate near the US Atlantic coast." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 20:Art. No. e2022GL099793. PNNL-SA-164456. doi:10.1029/2022GL099793
Chen X., L. Leung, S. Wang, and Z. Duan. 2022. Understanding the Physics Representation of Deep Learning Models in Environmental Applications. PNNL-33399. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Understanding the Physics Representation of Deep Learning Models in Environmental Applications
Chen X., L. Leung, Z. Feng, and Q. Yang. 2022. "Precipitation-Moisture Coupling Over Tropical Oceans: Sequential Roles of Shallow, Deep, and Mesoscale Convective Systems." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 7:Art. No. e2022GL097836. PNNL-SA-178872. doi:10.1029/2022GL097836
Collow A., C.A. Shields, B. Guan, S. Kim, J. Lora, E. Mcclenny, and K.M. Nardi, et al. 2022. "An Overview of ARTMIP's Tier 2 Reanalysis Intercomparison: Uncertainty in the Detection of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Associated Precipitation." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 8:Art. No. e2021JD036155. PNNL-SA-178836. doi:10.1029/2021JD036155
Dong L., and L. Leung. 2022. "Roles of External Forcing and Internal Variability in Precipitation Changes of a Sub-Region of the U.S. Mid-Atlantic During 1979-2019." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 22:Art. No. e2022JD037493. PNNL-SA-180399. doi:10.1029/2022JD037493
Fang Y., and L. Leung. 2022. "Relative controls of vapor pressure deficit and soil water stress on canopy conductance in global simulations by an Earth system model." Earth's Future 10, no. 9:Art. No. e2022EF002810. PNNL-SA-168923. doi:10.1029/2022EF002810
Fang Y., L. Leung, C.D. Koven, G. Bisht, M. Detto, Y. Cheng, and N.G. McDowell, et al. 2022. "Modeling the topographic influence on aboveground biomass using a coupled model of hillslope hydrology and ecosystem dynamics." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 20:7879-7901. PNNL-SA-168572. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-7879-2022
Fang Y., L. Leung, R. Knox, C.D. Koven, and B. Bond-Lamberty. 2022. "Impact of the numerical solution approach of a plant hydrodynamic model (v0.1) on vegetation dynamics." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 16:6385-6398. PNNL-SA-172156. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-6385-2022
Guo X., Y. Gao, S. Zhang, L. Wu, P. Chang, W. Cai, and J. Zscheischler, et al. 2022. "Threat by marine heatwaves to adaptive large marine ecosystems in an eddy-resolving model." Nature Climate Change 12. PNNL-SA-179101. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01266-5
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, C. Zhang, and K. Balaguru. 2022. "An Observationally Trained Markov Model for MJO Propagation." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 2:Art. No. e2021GL095663. PNNL-SA-165371. doi:10.1029/2021GL095663
Hao D., G. Bisht, M. Huang, P. Ma, T.K. Tesfa, W.L. Lee, and Y. Gu, et al. 2022. "Impacts of Sub-Grid Topographic Representations on Surface Energy Balance and Boundary Conditions in the E3SM Land Model: A Case Study in Sierra Nevada." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 4:e2021MS002862. PNNL-SA-167225. doi:10.1029/2021MS002862
Harrop B.E., S.M. Burrows, K.V. Calvin, G.J. Kooperman, L. Leung, M.E. Maltrud, and X. Shi, et al. 2022. "Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 10:Art. No. e2021JD036148. PNNL-SA-168093. doi:10.1029/2021JD036148
He Q., H. Lu, K. Yang, L. Leung, M. Pan, J. He, and P. Yao. 2022. "A simple framework to characterize land aridity based on surface energy partitioning regimes." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 3. PNNL-SA-178833. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac50d4
Hu H., Z. Feng, and L. Leung. 2022. "Quantifying flood frequency associated with clustered mesoscale convective systems in the United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 23, no. 11:1685-1703. PNNL-SA-165810. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-22-0038.1
Huang M., P. Ma, N. Chaney, D. Hao, G. Bisht, M. Fowler, and V.E. Larson, et al. 2022. "Representing surface heterogeneity in land-atmosphere coupling in E3SMv1 single-column model over ARM SGP during summertime." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 16:6371-6384. PNNL-SA-177124. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-6371-2022
Jang J., W. Skamarock, S.H. Park, C. Zarzycki, K. Sakaguchi, and L. Leung. 2022. "Effect of the Grell-Freitas Deep Convection Scheme in Quasi-uniform and Variable resolution Aquaplanet CAM Simulations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 6:Art. No. e2020MS002459. PNNL-SA-163480. doi:10.1029/2020MS002459
Kim S., L. Leung, B. Guan, and J.H. Chiang. 2022. "Atmospheric river representation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 1.0." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 14:5461 - 5480. PNNL-SA-175871. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-5461-2022
Leung L., W. Boos, J. Catto, C. Demott, G. Martin, D. Neelin, and T.A. O'Brien, et al. 2022. "Exploratory precipitation metrics: spatiotemporal characteristics, process-oriented, and phenomena-based." Journal of Climate 35, no. 12:3659-3686. PNNL-SA-170299. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0590.1
Li H., Z. Tan, H. Ma, Z. Zhu, G.W. Abeshu, S. Zhu, and S. Cohen, et al. 2022. "A new large-scale suspended sediment model and its application over the United States." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 3:665-688. PNNL-SA-147911. doi:10.5194/hess-26-665-2022
Li J., Y. Qian, L. Leung, Z. Feng, C. Sarangi, Y. Liu, and Z. Yang. 2022. "Impacts of large-scale urbanization and irrigation on summer precipitation in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 8:Art. No. e2022GL097845. PNNL-SA-169659. doi:10.1029/2022GL097845
Li L., G. Bisht, and L. Leung. 2022. "Spatial heterogeneity effects on land surface modeling of water and energy partitioning." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 14:5489-5510. PNNL-SA-174760. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-5489-2022
Liao C., T. Zhou, D. Xu, R. Barnes, G. Bisht, H. Li, and Z. Tan, et al. 2022. "Advances in hexagon mesh-based flow direction modeling." Advances in Water Resources 160. PNNL-SA-160344. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104099
Lin G., C.R. Jones, L. Leung, Z. Feng, and M. Ovchinnikov. 2022. "Mesoscale Convective Systems in a Superparameterized E3SM Simulation at High Resolution." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 1:Art. No. e2021MS002660. PNNL-SA-164386. doi:10.1029/2021MS002660
Lin Y., J. Fan, P. Li, L. Leung, P.J. DeMott, L.A. Goldberger, and J.M. Comstock, et al. 2022. "Modeling Impacts of ice-nucleating particles from marine aerosols on mixed-phase orographic clouds during 2015 ACAPEX field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 10:6749-6771. PNNL-SA-166295. doi:10.5194/acp-22-6749-2022
Liu F., J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2022. "Neutral Mode Dominates the Forced Global and Regional Surface Temperature Response in the Past and Future." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 15:Art. No. e2022GL098788. PNNL-SA-174793. doi:10.1029/2022GL098788
Ma P., B.E. Harrop, V.E. Larson, R. Neale, R. Neale, A. Gettelman, and H. Morrison, et al. 2022. "Better calibration of cloud parameterizations and subgrid effects increases the fidelity of E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 7:2881-2916. PNNL-SA-166161. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-2881-2022
Moon Y., D. Kim, A. Wing, S. Camargo, M. Zhao, L. Leung, and M.J. Roberts, et al. 2022. "An evaluation of tropical cyclone rainfall structures in the HighResMIP simulations against satellite observations." Journal of Climate 35, no. 22:3715-3738. PNNL-SA-176154. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0564.1
Na Y., Q. Fu, L. Leung, C. Kodama, and R. Lu. 2022. "Mesoscale Convective Systems Simulated by a High-Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model over the United States and China." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 7:Art. No.e2021JD035916. PNNL-SA-166872. doi:10.1029/2021JD035916
O'Brien T.A., M.F. Wehner, A.E. Payne, C.A. Shields, J.J. Rutz, L. Leung, and F.M. Ralph, et al. 2022. "Increases in Future AR Count and Size: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 CMIP5/6 Experiment." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127, no. 6:Art. No. e2021JD036013. PNNL-SA-163259. doi:10.1029/2021JD036013
Qian Y., T. Chakraborty, J. Li, D. Li, C. He, C. Sarangi, and F. Chen, et al. 2022. "Urbanization impact on regional climate and extreme weather: Current understanding, uncertainties, and future research directions." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 39, no. 6:819-860. PNNL-SA-167131. doi:10.1007/s00376-021-1371-9
Song F., G.J. Zhang, V. Ramanathan, and L. Leung. 2022. "Trends in surface equivalent potential temperature: A more comprehensive metric for global warming and weather extremes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 119, no. 6:Art. No. e2117832119. PNNL-SA-145106. doi:10.1073/pnas.2117832119
Song F., L. Leung, Z. Feng, X. Chen, and Q. Yang. 2022. "Observed and Projected Changes of Large-Scale Environments Conducive to Spring MCS Initiation Over the US Great Plains." Geophysical Research Letters 49, no. 15:Art. No. e2022GL098799. PNNL-SA-177007. doi:10.1029/2022GL098799
Sun N., H. Yan, M.S. Wigmosta, A. Coleman, L. Leung, and Z. Hou. 2022. "Datasets for characterizing extreme events relevant to hydrologic design over the conterminous United States." Scientific Data 9. PNNL-SA-163804. doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01221-9
Tan Z., L. Leung, H. Li, and S. Cohen. 2022. "Representing global soil erosion and sediment flux in Earth System Models." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 1:e2021MS002756. PNNL-SA-165541. doi:10.1029/2021MS002756
Teng H., L. Leung, G. Branstator, J. Lu, and Q. Ding. 2022. "Warming Pattern over the Northern Hemisphere Midlatitude in Boreal Summer 1979-2020." Journal of Climate 35, no. 11:3479-3494. PNNL-SA-163065. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0437.1
Vicente-Serrano S.M., D. Miralles, N.G. McDowell, T.J. Brodribb, F. Dominguez-Castro, L. Leung, and A. Koppa. 2022. "The uncertain role of rising atmospheric CO2 on global plant transpiration." Earth-Science Reviews 230. PNNL-SA-173537. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104055
Wang S., Y. Qian, L. Leung, and Y. Zhang. 2022. "Interpreting machine learning prediction of fire emissions and comparison with FireMIP process-based models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 5:3445 - 3468. PNNL-SA-164115. doi:10.5194/acp-22-3445-2022
Wigmosta M.S., Z. Duan, W.A. Perkins, M.C. Richmond, B.J. Bellgraph, X. Chen, and L. Leung. 2022. Model Advancements to Enable Impact Analysis of Climate Change on Streamflow Temperature. PNNL-34177. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Model Advancements to Enable Impact Analysis of Climate Change on Streamflow Temperature
Wu M., H. Wang, R.C. Easter, Z. Lu, X. Liu, B. Singh, and P. Ma, et al. 2022. "Development and evaluation of E3SM-MOSAIC: Spatial distributions and radiative effects of nitrate aerosol." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 11:e2022MS003157. PNNL-SA-172258. doi:10.1029/2022MS003157
Xu D., G. Bisht, K. Sargsyan, C. Liao, and L. Leung. 2022. "Using a surrogate-assisted Bayesian framework to calibrate the runoff-generation scheme in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) v1." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 12:5021-5043. PNNL-SA-174759. doi:10.5194/gmd-15-5021-2022
Xu D., G. Bisht, T. Zhou, L. Leung, and M. Pan. 2022. "Development of Land-River Two-Way Hydrologic Coupling for Floodplain Inundation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 8:Art. No. e2021MS002772. PNNL-SA-165762. doi:10.1029/2021MS002772
Xue Y., I. Diallo, A. Boone, T. Yao, Y. Zhang, X. Zeng, and D. Neelin, et al. 2022. "Spring Land Temperature in Tibetan Plateau and Global-Scale Summer Precipitation: Initialization and Improved Prediction." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103, no. 12:E2756-E2767. PNNL-SA-173475. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0270.1
Yang Q., W. Hannah, and L. Leung. 2022. "Convective Momentum Transport and its Impact on the Madden-Julian Oscillation in E3SM-MMF." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 14, no. 11:Art. No. e2022MS003206. PNNL-SA-179508. doi:10.1029/2022MS003206
Yang Y., L. Ren, M. Wu, H. Wang, F. Song, L. Leung, and X. Hao, et al. 2022. "Abrupt emissions reductions during COVID-19 contributed to record summer rainfall in China." Nature Communications 13, no. 1:Art. No. 959. PNNL-SA-162323. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28537-9
Zhang J., Y. Gao, L. Leung, K. Luo, M. Wang, Y. Zhang, and M. Bell, et al. 2022. "Disentangling the mechanism of temperature and water vapor modulation on ozone under a warming climate." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 12:Art. No. 124032. PNNL-SA-180999. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aca3bc
Zhang K., W. Zhang, H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, S.J. Ghan, R.C. Easter, and X. Shi, et al. 2022. "Effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols in E3SM version 1: historical changes, causality, decomposition, and parameterization sensitivities." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 13:9129-9160. PNNL-SA-169371. doi:10.5194/acp-22-9129-2022
Zhou W., L. Leung, and J. Lu. 2022. "Linking large-scale double-ITCZ bias to local-scale drizzling bias in climate models." Journal of Climate 35, no. 24:4365-4379. PNNL-SA-176880. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0336.1
Zhou W., L. Leung, and J. Lu. 2022. "Seasonally and regionally dependent shifts of the atmospheric westerly jets under global warming." Journal of Climate 35, no. 16:5433-5447. PNNL-SA-172800. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0723.1
Zhou W., L. Leung, and J. Lu. 2022. "Seasonally dependent future changes in the US Midwest hydroclimate and extremes." Journal of Climate 35, no. 1:17-27. PNNL-SA-163253. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0012.1

2021

Balaguru K., L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, and S. Krishnakumar. 2021. "An oceanic pathway for Madden-Julian Oscillation influence on Maritime Continent Tropical Cyclones." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 4, no. 1:Art. No. 52. PNNL-SA-161677. doi:10.1038/s41612-021-00208-4
Balaguru K., L. Van Roekel, L. Leung, and M. Veneziani. 2021. "Subtropical Eastern North Pacific SST bias in earth system models." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126, no. 8:e2021JC017359. PNNL-SA-160304. doi:10.1029/2021JC017359
Chen X., L. Leung, Y. Gao, and Y. Liu. 2021. "Response of US West Coast Mountain Snowpack to Local Sea Surface Temperature Perturbations: Insights from Numerical Modeling and Machine Learning." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 4:1045-1062. PNNL-SA-157939. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-20-0127.1
Chen X., L. Leung, Z. Feng, F. Song, and Q. Yang. 2021. "Mesoscale Convective Systems Dominate the Energetics of the South Asian Summer Monsoon Onset." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 17:e2021GL094873. PNNL-SA-161336. doi:10.1029/2021GL094873
Dong L., and L. Leung. 2021. "Winter precipitation changes in California under global warming: Contributions of CO2, uniform SST warming, and SST change patterns." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 5:e2020GL091736. PNNL-SA-158949. doi:10.1029/2020GL091736
Dong L., L. Leung, F. Song, and J. Lu. 2021. "Uncertainty in El Ni�o-like warming and California precipitation changes linked by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation." Nature Communications 12. PNNL-SA-163307. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26797-5
Dong L., L. Leung, J. Lu, and F. Song. 2021. "Double-ITCZ as an emergent constraint for future precipitation over Mediterranean climate regions in the North Hemisphere." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 3:e2020GL091569. PNNL-SA-158966. doi:10.1029/2020GL091569
Dong L., L. Leung, Y. Qian, Y. Zou, F. Song, and X. Chen. 2021. "Meteorological environments associated with California wildfires and their potential roles in wildfire changes during 1984-2017." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 5:e2020JD033180. PNNL-SA-151787. doi:10.1029/2020JD033180
Fang Y., L. Leung, B. Wolfe, M. Detto, R. Knox, N.G. McDowell, and C. Grossiord, et al. 2021. "Disentangling the effects of vapor pressure deficit and soil water availability on canopy conductance in a seasonal tropical forest during the 2015 EI Niiio drought." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 10:e2021JD035004. PNNL-SA-146993. doi:10.1029/2021JD035004
Fang Y., L. Leung, B. Wolfe, M. Detto, R. Knox, N.G. McDowell, and C. Grossiord, et al. 2021. "Disentangling the Effects of Vapor Pressure Defificit and Soil Water Availability on Canopy Conductance in a Seasonal Tropical Forest During the 2015 El Ni�o Drought." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 10:Art. No. e2021JD035004. PNNL-SA-167272. doi:10.1029/2021JD035004
Feng Z., F. Song, K. Sakaguchi, and L. Leung. 2021. "Evaluation of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Climate Simulations: Methodological Development and Results from MPAS-CAM over the United States." Journal of Climate 34, no. 7:2611-2633. PNNL-SA-151716. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0136.1
Feng Z., L. Leung, N. Liu, J. Wang, R.A. Houze, J. Li, and J.C. Hardin, et al. 2021. "A Global High-resolution Mesoscale Convective System Database using Satellite-derived Cloud Tops, Surface Precipitation, and Tracking." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 8:e2020JD034202. PNNL-SA-157800. doi:10.1029/2020JD034202
Guo M., Q. Zhuang, H. Yao, M. Golub, L. Leung, and Z. Tan. 2021. "Intercomparison of thermal regime algorithms in 1-D lake models." Water Resources Research 57, no. 6:e2020WR028776. PNNL-SA-156419. doi:10.1029/2020WR028776
Guo M., Q. Zhuang, H. Yao, M. Golub, L. Leung, and Z. Tan. 2021. "Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of a 1-D Lake Model across Global Lakes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 4:e2020JD033417. PNNL-SA-156424. doi:10.1029/2020JD033417
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, O.A. Garuba, and C.M. Patricola. 2021. "Influence of Background Divergent Moisture Flux on the Frequency of North Pacific Atmospheric Rivers." Journal of Climate 34, no. 15:6129-6139. PNNL-SA-156772. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0058.1
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, O.A. Garuba, C. Demott, B.E. Harrop, J. Lu, and M. Ahn. 2021. "The relationship between precipitation and precipitable water in CMIP6 simulations and implications for tropical climatology and change." Journal of Climate 34, no. 5:1587-1600. PNNL-SA-152254. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0211.1
Hao D., G. Bisht, Y. Gu, W. Lee, K.N. Liou, and L. Leung. 2021. "A Parameterization of Sub-grid Topographical Effects on Solar Radiation in the E3SM Land Model (Version 1.0): Implementation and Evaluation over the Tibetan Plateau." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 10:6273-6289. PNNL-SA-160129. doi:10.5194/gmd-2021-55
Hu H., L. Leung, and Z. Feng. 2021. "Early Warm-Season Mesoscale Convective Systems Dominate Soil Moisture-Precipitation Feedback for Summer Rainfall in Central US." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118, no. 43:e2105260118. PNNL-SA-157170. doi:10.1073/pnas.2105260118
Hu H., Z. Feng, and L. Leung. 2021. "Linking flood frequency with mesoscale convective systems in the central US." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 9:e2021GL092546. PNNL-SA-159138. doi:10.1029/2021GL092546
Li J., Y. Qian, L. Leung, and Z. Feng. 2021. "Summer mean and extreme precipitation over the Mid-Atlantic region: climatological characteristics and contributions from different precipitation types." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 15:e2021JD035045. PNNL-SA-161356. doi:10.1029/2021JD035045
Li J., Z. Feng, Y. Qian, and L. Leung. 2021. "A high-resolution unified observational data product of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004 - 2017." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 2:827-856. PNNL-SA-153640. doi:10.5194/essd-13-827-2021
Liang Y., B. Yang, M. Wang, J. Tang, K. Sakaguchi, L. Leung, and X. Xu. 2021. "Multiscale Simulation of Precipitation over East Asia by Variable Resolution CAM-MPAS." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 13, no. 11:Art. No. e2021MS002656. PNNL-SA-163477. doi:10.1029/2021MS002656
Lu J., D. Xue, L. Leung, F. Liu, F. Song, B.E. Harrop, and W. Zhou. 2021. "The Leading Modes of Asian Summer Monsoon Variability as Pulses of Atmospheric Energy Flow." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 5:e2020GL091629. PNNL-SA-157035. doi:10.1029/2020GL091629
Ouyang L., H. Lu, K. Yang, L. Leung, Y. Wang, L. Zhao, and X. Zhou, et al. 2021. "Characterizing uncertainties in ground “truth” of precipitation over complex terrain through high-resolution numerical modeling." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 10:e2020GL091950. PNNL-SA-162099. doi:10.1029/2020GL091950
Shi P., H. Lu, L. Leung, Y. He, B. Wang, K. Yang, and L. Yu, et al. 2021. "Significant land contributions to interannual predictability of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall." Earth's Future 9, no. 2:e2020EF001762. PNNL-SA-158849. doi:10.1029/2020EF001762
Song F., L. Leung, J. Lu, L. Dong, W. Zhou, B.E. Harrop, and Y. Qian. 2021. "Emergence of seasonal delay of tropical rainfall during 1979-2019." Nature Climate Change 11, no. 7:605-612. PNNL-SA-155998. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01066-x
Song F., Z. Feng, L. Leung, B. Pokharel, S. Wang, X. Chen, and K. Sakaguchi, et al. 2021. "Crucial roles of eastward propagating environments in the summer MCS initiation over the US Great Plains." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 16:e2021JD034991. PNNL-SA-157771. doi:10.1029/2021JD034991
Tan Z., L. Leung, H. Li, T.K. Tesfa, Q. Zhu, X. Yang, and Y. Liu, et al. 2021. "Increased extreme rains intensify erosional nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the northern Gulf of Mexico in recent decades." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 5:054080. PNNL-SA-160296. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abf006
Tebaldi C., K.R. Dorheim, M.F. Wehner, and L. Leung. 2021. "Extreme Metrics from Large Ensembles: Investigating the Effects of Ensemble Size on their estimates." Earth System Dynamics 12, no. 4:1427-1501. PNNL-SA-163697. doi:10.5194/esd-12-1427-2021
Wang L., Y. Qian, L. Leung, X. Chen, C. Sarangi, J. Lu, and F. Song, et al. 2021. "Multiple metrics informed projections of future precipitation in China." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 18:e2021GL093810. PNNL-SA-163252. doi:10.1029/2021GL093810
Wang P., Y. Yang, J. Tang, L. Leung, and H. Liao. 2021. "Intensified Humid Heat Events under Global Warming." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 2:e2020GL091462. PNNL-SA-158826. doi:10.1029/2020GL091462
Wang S., Y. Qian, L. Leung, and Y. Zhang. 2021. "Identifying key drivers of wildfires in the contiguous US using machine learning and game theory interpretation." Earth's Future 9, no. 6:e2020EF001910. PNNL-SA-162325. doi:10.1029/2020EF001910
Xu M., C. Zhao, J. Gu, J. Feng, S.M. Hagos, L. Leung, and Y. Luo, et al. 2021. "Convection-permitting hindcasting of diurnal variation of Mei-yu rainfall over East China with a global variable-resolution model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126, no. 14:e2021JD034823. PNNL-SA-163518. doi:10.1029/2021JD034823
Xue Y., T. Yao, A. Boone, I. Diallo, Y. Liu, X. Zeng, and W. Lau, et al. 2021. "Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project, Phase I (LS4P-I): Organization and Experimental design." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 7:4465-4494. PNNL-SA-163702. doi:10.5194/gmd-14-4465-2021
Yang Q., L. Leung, Z. Feng, F. Song, and X. Chen. 2021. "A Simple Lagrangian Parcel Model for the Initiation of Summertime Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Central United States." Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 78, no. 11:3537-3558. PNNL-SA-162977. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-21-0136.1
Zhou W., L. Leung, F. Song, and J. Lu. 2021. "Future changes in the Great Plains Low-Level Jet governed by seasonally dependent pattern changes in the North Atlantic Subtropical High." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 4:e2020GL090356. PNNL-SA-156288. doi:10.1029/2020GL090356
Zhou W., L. Wang, D. Li, and L. Leung. 2021. "Spatial Pattern of Lake Evaporation Increases Under Global Warming Linked to Regional Hydroclimate Change." Communications Earth & Environment 2. PNNL-SA-168706. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00327-z

2020

Anandhi A., K. Douglas-Mankin, P. Srivastava, R. Aiken, G.B. Senay, L. Leung, and I. Chaubey. 2020. "DPSIR-ESA Vulnerability Assessment (DEVA) Framework: Synthesis, Foundational Overview, and Expert Case Studies." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 3:741-752. PNNL-SA-151020. doi:10.13031/trans.13516
Balaguru K., C. Patricola, S.M. Hagos, L. Leung, and L. Dong. 2020. "Enhanced predictability of Eastern North Pacific Tropical cyclone activity using the ENSO Longitude Index." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 16:Article No. e2020GL088849. PNNL-SA-153159. doi:10.1029/2020GL088849
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, L. Leung, J. Kaplan, W. Xu, N. Reul, and B. Chapron. 2020. "Pronounced Impact of Salinity on Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 9:E1497-E1511. PNNL-SA-141071. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0303.1
Balaguru K., L. Leung, L. Van Roekel, J. Golaz, P. Ullrich, P.M. Caldwell, and S.M. Hagos, et al. 2020. "Characterizing Tropical Cyclones in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 8:Article No. e2019MS002024. PNNL-SA-150203. doi:10.1029/2019MS002024
Burrows S.M., M.E. Maltrud, X. Yang, Q. Zhu, N. Jeffery, X. Shi, and D.M. Ricciuto, et al. 2020. "The DOE E3SM v1.1 biogeochemistry configuration: Description and Simulated Ecosystem-Climate Responses to Historical Changes in Forcing." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 9:e2019MS001766. PNNL-SA-144279. doi:10.1029/2019MS001766
Chan M., F. Zhang, X. Chen, and L. Leung. 2020. "Potential Impacts of Assimilating All-sky Satellite Infrared Radiances on Convection-Permitting Analysis and Prediction of Tropical Convection." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 8:3203-3224. PNNL-SA-153230. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0343.1
Chen X., and L. Leung. 2020. "Response of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers on the U.S. West Coast to Local Sea Surface Temperature Perturbations." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 18:e2020GL089254. PNNL-SA-155435. doi:10.1029/2020GL089254
Chen X., O. Pauluis, L. Leung, and F. Zhang. 2020. "Significant Contribution of Mesoscale Overturning to Tropical Mass and Energy Transport Revealed by the ERA5 Reanalysis." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 1:Article No. e2019GL085333. PNNL-SA-139042. doi:10.1029/2019GL085333
Dunne J.P., M. Winton, J. Bacmeister, G. Danabasoglu, A. Gettelman, J. Golaz, and C. Hannay, et al. 2020. "Comparison of equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates from slab ocean, 150-year, and longer simulations." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 16:Article No. e2020GL088852. PNNL-SA-154791. doi:10.1029/2020GL088852
Gutowski W., P. Ullrich, A. Hall, L. Leung, T.A. O'Brien, C. Patricola, and R. Arritt, et al. 2020. "The ongoing need for high-resolution regional climate models: Process understanding and stakeholder information." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 5:E664-E683. PNNL-SA-147322. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0113.1
Hagos S.M., C. Zhang, L. Leung, O.A. Garuba, C.D. Burleyson, and K. Balaguru. 2020. "Impacts of insolation and soil moisture on the seasonality of interactions between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Maritime Continent." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125, no. 13:Article No. e2020JD032382. PNNL-SA-150515. doi:10.1029/2020JD032382
Hannah W., C.R. Jones, B.R. Hillman, M. Norman, D.C. Bader, M. Taylor, and L. Leung, et al. 2020. "Initial Results from the Super-Parameterized E3SM." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 1:Article No. e2019MS001863. PNNL-SA-146506. doi:10.1029/2019MS001863
Hu H., L. Leung, and Z. Feng. 2020. "Observed Warm-Season Characteristics of MCS and Non-MCS Rainfall and Their Recent Changes in the Central United States." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 6:Article Number e2019GL086783. PNNL-SA-150193. doi:10.1029/2019GL086783
Hu H., L. Leung, and Z. Feng. 2020. "Understanding the distinct impacts of MCS and non-MCS rainfall on the surface water balance in the central US using a numerical water-tagging technique." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 10:2343-2357. PNNL-SA-152366. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-20-0081.1
Lau W., K. Kim, C. Zhao, L. Leung, and S. Park. 2020. "Impact of Dust-Cloud-Radiation-Precipitation Dynamical Feedback on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon in Global Variable-Resolution Simulations with MPAS-CAM5." Frontiers in Earth Science 8. PNNL-SA-155707. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00226
Lau W., K. Kim, J. Chern, W. Tao, and L. Leung. 2020. "Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation-cloud-convection-circulation interactions: Inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 1-2:211-229. PNNL-SA-143824. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-05000-y
Leung L., D.C. Bader, M. Taylor, and R. McCoy. 2020. "An Introduction to the E3SM Special Collection: Goals, Science Drivers, Development, and Analysis." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 11:e2019MS001821. PNNL-SA-145495. doi:10.1029/2019MS001821
Liao C., T.K. Tesfa, Z. Duan, and L. Leung. 2020. "Watershed Delineation On A Hexagonal Mesh Grid." Environmental Modelling & Software 128. PNNL-SA-146861. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104702
Liu F., J. Lu, Y. Huang, L. Leung, B.E. Harrop, and Y. Luo. 2020. "Sensitivity of surface temperature to oceanic forcing via q-Flux Green’s function experiments. Part III: asymmetric response to warming and cooling." Journal of Climate 33, no. 4:1283-1297. PNNL-SA-149208. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0131.1
Lu J., F. Liu, L. Leung, and H. Lei. 2020. "Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 3, no. 1:UNSP 9. PNNL-SA-144325. doi:10.1038/s41612-020-0112-6
Mondal S., A.K. Mishra, and L. Leung. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Propagation of Summer Extreme Precipitation Events over United States: A Complex Network Analysis." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 15:Article No. e2020GL088185. PNNL-SA-150901. doi:10.1029/2020GL088185
Pendergrass A.G., P.J. Gleckler, L. Leung, and C. Jakob. 2020. "Benchmarking Simulated Precipitation in Earth System Models." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 6:E814-E816. PNNL-SA-152142. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0318.1
Sarangi C., Y. Qian, K. Rittger, L. Leung, D. Chand, K.J. Bormann, and T.H. Painter. 2020. "Dust dominates high-altitude snow darkening and melt over high-mountain Asia." Nature Climate Change 10. PNNL-SA-154621. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00909-3
Shinozuka Y., P. Saide, G.A. Ferrada, S. Burton, R.A. Ferrare, S.J. Doherty, and H. Gordon, et al. 2020. "Modeling the smoky troposphere of the southeast Atlantic: a comparison to ORACLES airborne observations from September of 2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 19:11491-11526. PNNL-SA-154760. doi:10.5194/acp-20-11491-2020
Solander K., B.D. Newman, A.C. Araujo, H.R. Barnard, Z.C. Berry, D. Bonal, and M. Bretfeld, et al. 2020. "The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Ni�o." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 5:2303-2322. PNNL-SA-152945. doi:10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020
Song F., J. Lu, L. Leung, and F. Liu. 2020. "Contrasting phase changes of precipitation annual cycle between land and ocean under global warming." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 20:e2020GL090327. PNNL-SA-142748. doi:10.1029/2020GL090327
Tan Z., C. Liao, L. Leung, and V.L. Bailey. 2020. Future Response of Coastal Wetlands to Environmental Stresses: Algorithm Comparison of Numerical Models. PNNL-30523. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Future Response of Coastal Wetlands to Environmental Stresses: Algorithm Comparison of Numerical Models
Tan Z., L. Leung, H. Li, T.K. Tesfa, Q. Zhu, and M. Huang. 2020. "A substantial role of soil erosion in the land carbon sink and its future changes." Global Change Biology 26, no. 4:2642-2655. PNNL-SA-150643. doi:10.1111/gcb.14982
Tesfa T.K., L. Leung, and S.J. Ghan. 2020. "Exploring topography-based methods for downscaling subgrid precipitation for use in Earth System Models." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125, no. 5:Article No. e2019JD031456. PNNL-SA-146636. doi:10.1029/2019JD031456
Wang H., R.C. Easter, R. Zhang, P. Ma, B. Singh, K. Zhang, and D. Ganguly, et al. 2020. "Aerosols in the E3SM Version 1: New Developments and Their Impacts on Radiative Forcing." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 1:Article No. e2019MS001851. PNNL-SA-146124. doi:10.1029/2019MS001851
Yan H., N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, L. Leung, Z. Hou, A. Coleman, and R.L. Skaggs. 2020. "Evaluating next-generation intensity-duration-frequency curves for design flood estimates in the snow-dominated western United States." Hydrological Processes 34, no. 5:1255-1268. PNNL-SA-143219. doi:10.1002/hyp.13673
Yang C., H. Li, Y. Fang, C. Cui, T. Wang, C. Zheng, and L. Leung, et al. 2020. "Effects of groundwater pumping on ground surface temperature: A regional modeling study in the North China Plain." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125, no. 9:Article No. e2019JD031764. PNNL-SA-152773. doi:10.1029/2019JD031764
Zhang X., H. Li, L. Leung, L. Liu, M.I. Hejazi, B. Forman, and W. Yigzaw. 2020. "River Regulation Alleviates the Impacts of Climate Change on US Thermoelectricity Production." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125, no. 4. PNNL-SA-120778. doi:10.1029/2019JD031618
Zhou T., L. Leung, G. Leng, N. Voisin, H. Li, A. Craig, and T.K. Tesfa, et al. 2020. "Global irrigation characteristics and effects simulated by fully coupled land surface, river, and water management models in E3SM." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 12, no. 10:Article No. e2020MS002069. PNNL-SA-147925. doi:10.1029/2020MS002069
Zhou W., L. Leung, J. Lu, D. Yang, and F. Song. 2020. "Contrasting Recent and Future ITCZ Changes from Distinct Tropical Warming Patterns." Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 22:e2020GL089846. PNNL-SA-154107. doi:10.1029/2020GL089846

2019

Barlow M., W.J. Gutowski, J.R. Gyakum, R.W. Katz, Y. Lim, R.S. Schumacher, and M.F. Wehner, et al. 2019. "North American extreme precipitation events and related large-scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 11:6835-6875. PNNL-SA-153260. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04958-z
Caldwell P.M., A. Mametjanov, Q. Tang, L. Van Roekel, J. Golaz, W. Lin, and D. Bader, et al. 2019. "The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Description and Results at High Resolution." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 12:4095- 4146. PNNL-SA-147364. doi:10.1029/2019MS001870
Chen G., J. Norris, D. Neelin, J. Lu, L. Leung, and K. Sakaguchi. 2019. "Thermodynamic and Dynamic Mechanisms for Hydrological Cycle Intensification over the Full Probability Distribution of Precipitation Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 2:497-516. PNNL-SA-132710. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-18-0067.1
Chen X., L. Leung, M.S. Wigmosta, and M.C. Richmond. 2019. "Impact of Atmospheric Rivers on Surface Hydrological Processes in Western U.S. Watersheds." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 16:8896-8916. PNNL-SA-141431. doi:10.1029/2019JD030468
Chen X., Z. Duan, L. Leung, and M.S. Wigmosta. 2019. "A Framework to Delineate Precipitation-Runoff Regimes: Precipitation vs. Snowpack in the Western U.S." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 22:13044-13053. PNNL-SA-141385. doi:10.1029/2019GL085184
Dong L., L. Leung, J. Lu, and F. Song. 2019. "Mechanisms for an amplified precipitation seasonal cycle in the U.S. West Coast under global warming." Journal of Climate 32, no. 15:4681-4698. PNNL-SA-140936. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0093.1
Dong L., L. Leung, J. Lu, and Y. Gao. 2019. "Contributions of extreme and non-extreme precipitation to California precipitation seasonality changes under warming." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 22:13470-13478. PNNL-SA-149215. doi:10.1029/2019GL084225
Feng Z., R.A. Houze, L. Leung, F. Song, J.C. Hardin, J. Wang, and W.I. Gustafson, et al. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Large-scale Environments of Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Rocky Mountains." Journal of Climate 32, no. 21:7303-7328. PNNL-SA-141508. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0137.1
Golaz J., P.M. Caldwell, L. Van Roekel, M.R. Petersen, Q. Tang, J. Wolfe, and G.W. Abeshu, et al. 2019. "The DOE E3SM coupled model version 1: Overview and evaluation at standard resolution." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 7:2089-2129. PNNL-SA-141816. doi:10.1029/2018MS001603
Hagos S.M., C. Zhang, L. Leung, C.D. Burleyson, and K. Balaguru. 2019. "A zonal migration of monsoon moisture flux convergence and the strength of Madden-Julian Oscillation Events." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 14:8554-8562. PNNL-SA-143132. doi:10.1029/2019GL083468
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, M. Ashfaq, and K. Balaguru. 2019. "South Asian Monsoon Precipitation in CMIP5: A link between Inter-model spread and the representations of Tropical Convection." Climate Dynamics 52, no. 1-2:1049-1061. PNNL-SA-122642. doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4177-4
Harrop B.E., J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2019. "Correction to: Sub-cloud moist entropy curvature as a predictor for changes in the seasonal cycle of tropical precipitation." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 9-10:6521-6521. PNNL-SA-147399. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04995-8
Harrop B.E., J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2019. "Sub-cloud moist entropy curvature as a predictor for changes in the seasonal cycle of tropical precipitation." Climate Dynamics 53, no. 5-6:3463-3479. PNNL-SA-132417. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04715-2
He J., F. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Bao, D. Chen, H. Kim, and H. Lai, et al. 2019. "Development and Evaluation of an Ensemble-based Data Assimilation System for Regional Reanalysis over the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Regions." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 8:2503-2522. PNNL-SA-145451. doi:10.1029/2019MS001665
Hou Z., H. Ren, N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, Y. Liu, L. Leung, and H. Yan, et al. 2019. "Incorporating Climate Non-stationarity and Snowmelt Processes in Intensity-Duration-Frequency Analyses with Case Studies in Mountainous Areas." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 12:2331-2346. PNNL-SA-132327. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-19-0055.1
Hu Z., J. Huang, C. Zhao, J. Bi, Q. Jin, Y. Qian, and L. Leung, et al. 2019. "Modeling the contributions of Northern Hemisphere dust sources to dust outflow from East Asia." Atmospheric Environment 202. PNNL-SA-142175. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.022
Hu Z., J. Huang, C. Zhao, Y. Ma, Q. Jin, Y. Qian, and L. Leung, et al. 2019. "Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 19:12709-12730. PNNL-SA-148835. doi:10.5194/acp-19-12709-2019
Lawrence D.M., R.A. Fisher, C.D. Koven, K. Oleson, S.C. Swenson, G. Bonan, and N. Collier, et al. 2019. "The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing Uncertainty." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 12:4245-4287. PNNL-SA-150848. doi:10.1029/2018MS001583
Levin E., P. Demott, K.J. Suski, Y. Boose, T.C. Hill, C.S. Mccluskey, and G. Schill, et al. 2019. "Characteristics of ice nucleating particles in and around California winter storms." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 21:11530-11551. PNNL-SA-147575. doi:10.1029/2019JD030831
Levin E., P.J. DeMott, K.J. Suski, Y. Boose, T.C. Hill, C.S. Mccluskey, and G. Schill, et al. 2019. "Characteristics of Ice Nucleating Particles in and Around California Winter Storms." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 21:11530-11551. PNNL-SA-149366. doi:10.1029/2019JD030831
Li C., H. Lu, L. Leung, K. Yang, H. Li, W. Wang, and M. Han, et al. 2019. "Improving Land Surface Temperature Simulation in CoLM Over the Tibetan Plateau through Fractional Vegetation Cover Derived from a Remotely Sensed Clumping Index and Model-Simulated Leaf Area Index." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 5:2620-2642. PNNL-SA-143777. doi:10.1029/2018JD028640
Liao C., Q. Zhuang, L. Leung, and L. Guo. 2019. "Quantifying Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics Using a Three-Dimensional Terrestrial Ecosystem Model at High Spatial-Temporal Resolutions." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 12:4489-4512. PNNL-SA-144727. doi:10.1029/2019MS001792
Ma M., Y. Gao, Y. Wang, S. Zhang, L. Leung, C. Liu, and S. Wang, et al. 2019. "Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 19:12195-12207. PNNL-SA-149765. doi:10.5194/acp-19-12195-2019
Mao Y., T. Zhou, L. Leung, T.K. Tesfa, H. Li, K. Wang, and Z. Tan, et al. 2019. "Flood Inundation Generation Mechanisms and Their Changes in 1953-2004 in Global Major River Basins." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 22:11672-11692. PNNL-SA-147906. doi:10.1029/2019JD031381
Perkins W.A., Z. Duan, N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, M.C. Richmond, X. Chen, and L. Leung. 2019. "Parallel Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) using Global Arrays." Environmental Modelling & Software 122. PNNL-SA-141147. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104533
Rasch P.J., S. Xie, P. Ma, W. Lin, H. Wang, Q. Tang, and S.M. Burrows, et al. 2019. "An Overview of the Atmospheric Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 8:2377-2411. PNNL-SA-144927. doi:10.1029/2019MS001629
Ren H., Z. Hou, M.S. Wigmosta, Y. Liu, and L. Leung. 2019. "Impacts of Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Non-Stationarity on Intensity-Duration-Frequency Estimates - A Case Study in a Mountainous California-Nevada Watershed." Water 11, no. 6:Article No. 1296. PNNL-SA-141612. doi:10.3390/w11061296
Rutz J.J., C.A. Shields, J.M. Lora, A.E. Payne, B. Guan, P. Ullrich, and T. O'Brien, et al. 2019. "The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP): Quantifying Uncertainties in Atmospheric River Climatology." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 24:13777-13802. PNNL-SA-150854. doi:10.1029/2019JD030936
Shields C.A., J.J. Rutz, L. Leung, F.M. Ralph, M.F. Wehner, T.A. O'Brien, and R. Pierce. 2019. "Defining Uncertainties Through Comparison of Atmospheric River Tracking Methods." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 2:ES93-ES96. PNNL-SA-138445. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0200.1
Song F., Z. Feng, L. Leung, R.A. Houze, J. Wang, J.C. Hardin, and C.R. Homeyer. 2019. "Contrasting spring and summer large-scale environments associated with mesoscale convective systems over the U.S. Great Plains." Journal of Climate 32, no. 20:6749-6767. PNNL-SA-140340. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0839.1
Sun N., H. Yan, M.S. Wigmosta, L. Leung, R. Skaggs, and Z. Hou. 2019. "Regional Snow Parameters Estimation for Large-Domain Hydrological Applications in the Western United States." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 10:5296-5313. PNNL-SA-134653. doi:10.1029/2018JD030140
Wang P., L. Leung, J. Lu, F. Song, and J. Tang. 2019. "Extreme Wet-Bulb Temperatures in China: The Significant Role of Moisture." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 22:11,944-11,960. PNNL-SA-148736. doi:10.1029/2019JD031477
Yan H., N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, R. Skaggs, L. Leung, A. Coleman, and Z. Hou. 2019. "Observed Spatiotemporal Changes in the Mechanisms of Extreme Water Available for Runoff in the Western United States." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 2:767-775. PNNL-SA-138215. doi:10.1029/2018GL080260
Yan H., N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, R. Skaggs, Z. Hou, and L. Leung. 2019. "Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves to Reduce Errors in Peak Flood Design." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 24, no. 7:04019020. PNNL-SA-135099. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001799
Yang B., X. Yang, L. Leung, S. Zhong, Y. Qian, C. Zhao, and F. Chen, et al. 2019. "Modeling the Impacts of Urbanization on Summer Thermal Comfort: The Role of Urban Land Use and Anthropogenic Heat." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 13:6681-6697. PNNL-SA-147485. doi:10.1029/2018JD029829
Yang B., Y. Zhang, Y. Qian, F. Song, L. Leung, P. Wu, and Z. Guo, et al. 2019. "Better monsoon precipitation in coupled climate models due to bias compensation." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 2, no. 1:43. PNNL-SA-151925. doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0100-x
Yang Z., G. Garcia Medina, W. Wu, T. Wang, L. Leung, L. Castrucci, and G. Mauger. 2019. "Modeling Analysis of the Swell and Wind-Sea Climate in the Salish Sea." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 224. PNNL-SA-140307. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2019.04.043
Yigzaw W., H. Li, X. Fang, L. Leung, N. Voisin, M.I. Hejazi, and Y. Demissie. 2019. "A Multilayer Reservoir Thermal Stratification Module for Earth System Models." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11, no. 10:3265-3283. PNNL-SA-141532. doi:10.1029/2019MS001632
Zhang G., Y. Gao, W. Cai, L. Leung, S. Wang, B. Zhao, and M. Wang, et al. 2019. "Seesaw haze pollution in North China modulated by sub-seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 1:565-576. PNNL-SA-139097. doi:10.5194/acp-19-565-2019
Zhang J., Y. Gao, L. Leung, K. Luo, H. Liu, J. Lamarque, and J. Fan, et al. 2019. "Impacts of climate change and emissions on atmospheric oxidized nitrogen deposition over East Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2:887-900. PNNL-SA-141420. doi:10.5194/acp-19-887-2019
Zhang X., H. Li, Z. Deng, L. Leung, J.R. Skalski, and S.J. Cooke. 2019. "On the Variable Effects of Climate Change on Pacific Salmon." Ecological Modelling 397. PNNL-SA-127221. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.02.002
Zhao C., M. Xu, Y. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Guo, Z. Hu, and L. Leung, et al. 2019. "Modeling extreme precipitation over East China with a global variable-resolution modeling framework (MPASv5.2): impacts of resolution and physics." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 7:2707-2726. PNNL-SA-147378. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-2707-2019

2018

Balaguru K., G. Foltz, L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, and D.R. Judi. 2018. "On the use of ocean dynamic temperature for hurricane intensity forecasting." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 2:411-418. PNNL-SA-129386. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-17-0143.1
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, and L. Leung. 2018. "Increasing magnitude of hurricane rapid intensification in the central and eastern tropical Atlantic." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 9:4238-4247. PNNL-SA-133854. doi:10.1029/2018GL077597
Balaguru K., S. Doney, L. Bianucci, P.J. Rasch, L. Leung, J. Yoon, and I.D. Lima. 2018. "Linking deep convection and phytoplankton blooms in the northern Labrador Sea in a changing climate." PLoS One 13, no. 1:Article No. e0191509. PNNL-SA-131791. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191509
Chen X., L. Leung, Y. Gao, Y. Liu, M.S. Wigmosta, and M.C. Richmond. 2018. "Predictability of Extreme Precipitation in Western U.S. Watersheds Based on Atmospheric River Occurrence, Intensity, and Duration." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 21:11693-11701. PNNL-SA-136740. doi:10.1029/2018GL079831
Chen X., O. Pauluis, L. Leung, and F. Zhang. 2018. "Multiscale Atmospheric Overturning of Indian Summer Monsoon as Seen through Isentropic Analysis." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 9:3011-3030. PNNL-SA-132704. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-18-0068.1
Dong L., L. Leung, and F. Song. 2018. "Future changes of subseasonal precipitation variability in North America during winter under global warming." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 22:12467-12476. PNNL-SA-136949. doi:10.1029/2018GL079900
Feng Z., L. Leung, R.A. Houze, S.M. Hagos, J.C. Hardin, Q. Yang, and B. Han, et al. 2018. "Structure and Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Sensitivity to Cloud Microphysics in Convection-Permitting Simulations over the United States." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 10, no. 7:1470-1494. PNNL-SA-133754. doi:10.1029/2018MS001305
Gao M., H. Li, D. Liu, J. Tang, X. Chen, X. Chen, and G. Bloschl, et al. 2018. "Identifying the Dominant Controls on Macropore Flow Velocity in Soils: A Meta-analysis." Journal of Hydrology 567. PNNL-SA-139024. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.044
Goldenson N.L., G. Mauger, L. Leung, C.M. Bitz, and A. Rhines. 2018. "Effects of Ensemble Configuration on Estimates of Regional Climate Uncertainties." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 2:926-934. PNNL-SA-131956. doi:10.1002/2017GL076297
Goldenson N.L., L. Leung, C.M. Bitz, and E. Blanchard-Wrigglesworth. 2018. "Influence of Atmospheric Rivers on Mountain Snowpack in the Western U.S." Journal of Climate 31, no. 24:9921-9940. PNNL-SA-134592. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0268.1
Gross M., H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, P.M. Caldwell, D.L. Williamson, D. Klocke, and C. Jablonowski, et al. 2018. "Physics-Dynamics Coupling in weather, climate and Earth system modesl: Challenges and recent progress." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 11:3505-3544. PNNL-SA-137579. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0345.1
Gross M., H. Wan, P.J. Rasch, P.M. Caldwell, D.L. WIlliamson, D. Klocke, and C. Jablonowski, et al. 2018. "Physics-Dynamics Coupling in Weather, Climate, and Earth System Models: Challenges and Recent Progress." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 11:3505-3544. PNNL-SA-115484. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0345.1
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, C. Zhao, Z. Feng, and K. Sakaguchi. 2018. "How do microphysical processes influence large-scale precipitation variability and extremes?." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 3:1661-1667. PNNL-SA-130576. doi:10.1002/2017GL076375
Harrop B.E., J. Lu, F. Liu, O.A. Garuba, and L. Leung. 2018. "Sensitivity of the ITCZ Location to Ocean Forcing via q-flux Green’s Function Experiments." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 23:13116-13123. PNNL-SA-134658. doi:10.1029/2018GL080772
Kelly P.J., B.S. Kravitz, J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2018. "Remote drying in the North Atlantic as a common response to precessional changes and CO2 increase over land." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 8:3615-3624. PNNL-SA-131183. doi:10.1002/2017GL076669
Kelly P.J., L. Leung, K. Balaguru, W. Xu, B. Mapes, and B.J. Soden. 2018. "Shape of Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks and the Indian monsoon." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 19:10746-10755. PNNL-SA-137428. doi:10.1029/2018GL080098
Lu J., D. Xue, Y. Gao, G. Chen, L. Leung, and P.W. Staten. 2018. "Enhanced hydrological extremes in the western United States under global warming through the lens of water vapor wave activity." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 1. PNNL-SA-126188. doi:10.1038/s41612-018-0017-9
Peters-Lidard C.D., F. Hossain, L. Leung, N.G. McDowell, M. Rodell, F.J. Tapiador, and F.J. Turk, et al. 2018. "100 Years of Progress in Hydrology." In A Century of Progress in Atmospheric and Related Sciences: Celebrating the American Meteorological Society Centennial. Meteorological Monographs. 25.1-25.51. Boston, Massachusetts:American Meteorological Society. PNNL-SA-138125. doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-18-0019.1
Qian Y., H. Wan, B. Yang, J. Golaz, B.E. Harrop, Z. Hou, and V.E. Larson, et al. 2018. "Parametric Sensitivity and Uncertainty Quantification in the Version 1 of E3SM Atmosphere Model Based on Short Perturbed Parameter Ensemble Simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 23:13046-13073. PNNL-SA-138521. doi:10.1029/2018JD028927
Rastogi D., M. Ashfaq, L. Leung, S. Ghosh, A. Saha, K. Hodges, and K. Evans. 2018. "Characteristics of Bay of Bengal Monsoon Depressions in the 21st Century." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 13:6637-6645. PNNL-SA-126414. doi:10.1029/2018GL078756
Sakaguchi K., L. Leung, C.D. Burleyson, H. Xiao, and H. Wan. 2018. "Role of Troposphere-Convection-Land Coupling in the Southwestern Amazon Precipitation Bias of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1)." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 16:8374-8399. PNNL-SA-134715. doi:10.1029/2018JD028999
Sarangi C.N., S.N. Tripathi, Y. Qian, S. Kumar, and L. Leung. 2018. "Aerosol and urban land use effect on rainfall around cities in Indo-Gangetic Basin from observations and cloud resolving model simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 7:3645-3667. PNNL-SA-130595. doi:10.1002/2017JD028004
Shields C.A., J.J. Rutz, L. Leung, F.M. Ralph, M.F. Wehner, B. Kawzenuk, and J.M. Lora, et al. 2018. "Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP): project goals and experimental design." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 6:2455-2474. PNNL-SA-136055. doi:10.5194/gmd-11-2455-2018
Song F., L. Leung, J. Lu, and L. Dong. 2018. "Future Changes in Seasonality of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Subtropical Highs." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 21:11959-11968. PNNL-SA-136261. doi:10.1029/2018GL079940
Sullivan R.C., P. Crippa, H. Matsui, L. Leung, C. Zhao, A. Thota, and S. Pryor. 2018. "New particle formation leads to cloud dimming." npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 1, no. 1:9. PNNL-SA-127126. doi:10.1038/s41612-018-0019-7
Tan Z., L. Leung, H. Li, and T.K. Tesfa. 2018. "Modeling sediment yield in land surface and Earth system models: Model comparison, development and evaluation." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 10, no. 9:2192-2213. PNNL-SA-133207. doi:10.1029/2017MS001270
Taraphdar S., F. Zhang, L. Leung, X. Chen, and O. Pauluis. 2018. "MJO Affects the Monsoon Onset Timing over the Indian Region." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 18:10011-10018. PNNL-SA-135068. doi:10.1029/2018GL078804
Wang K., Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Fan, L. Leung, B. Zheng, and Q. Zhang, et al. 2018. "Fine-scale application of WRF-CAM5 during a dust storm episode over East Asia: Sensitivity to grid resolutions and aerosol activation parameterizations." Atmospheric Environment 176. PNNL-SA-135177. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.014
Xue D., J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2018. "Response of the hydrological cycle in Asian monsoon systems to global warming through the lens of water vapor wave activity analysis." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 21:11904-11912. PNNL-SA-135250. doi:10.1029/2018GL078998
Yan H., N. Sun, M.S. Wigmosta, R. Skaggs, Z. Hou, and L. Leung. 2018. "Next-Generation Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Hydrologic Design in Snow-Dominated Environments." Water Resources Research 54, no. 2:1093-1108. PNNL-SA-126849. doi:10.1002/2017WR021290
Yigzaw W.Y., H. Li, Y. Demissie, M.I. Hejazi, L. Leung, N. Voisin, and R. Payn. 2018. "A New Global Storage-Area-Depth Data Set for Modeling Reservoirs in Land Surface and Earth System Models." Water Resources Research 54, no. 12:10372-10386. PNNL-SA-140190. doi:10.1029/2017WR022040
Zhang K., P.J. Rasch, M. Taylor, H. Wan, L. Leung, P. Ma, and J. Golaz, et al. 2018. "Impact of numerical choices on water conservation in the E3SM Atmosphere Model Version 1 (EAM V1)." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 5:1971-1988. PNNL-SA-129738. doi:10.5194/gmd-11-1971-2018
Zhang X., H. Li, Z. Deng, C. Ringler, Y. Gao, M.I. Hejazi, and L. Leung. 2018. "Impacts of Climate Change, Policy and Water-Energy-Food Nexus on Hydropower Development." Renewable Energy 116, no. Part A:827-834. PNNL-SA-114680. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.030
Zhong S., Y. Qian, C.N. Sarangi, C. Zhao, L. Leung, H. Wang, and H. Yan, et al. 2018. "Urbanization effect on winter haze in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 13:6710-6718. PNNL-SA-135418. doi:10.1029/2018GL077239

2017

Ashfaq M., D. Rastogi, R. Mei, D. Touma, and L. Leung. 2017. "Sources of errors in the simulations of South Asian Summer Monsoon in the CMIP5 GCMs." Climate Dynamics 49, no. 1-2:193-223. PNNL-SA-123190. doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3337-7
Campbell P., Y. Zhang, K. Wang, L. Leung, J. Fan, B. Zheng, and Q. Zhang, et al. 2017. "Evaluation of a multi-scale WRF-CAM5 simulation during the 2010 East Asian Summer Monsoon." Atmospheric Environment 169. PNNL-SA-129852. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.008
Chen X., F. Hossain, and L. Leung. 2017. "Establishing a Numerical Modeling Framework for Hydrologic Engineering Analyses of Extreme Storm Events." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 22, no. 8:Article No. 04017016. PNNL-SA-124119. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001523
Chen X., F. Hossain, and L. Leung. 2017. "Probable Maximum Precipitation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in a Changing Climate." Water Resources Research 53, no. 11:9600-9622. PNNL-SA-126184. doi:10.1002/2017WR021094
Fan J., L. Leung, D. Rosenfeld, and P.J. DeMott. 2017. "Effects of Cloud Condensation Nuclei and Ice Nucleating Particles on Precipitation Processes and Supercooled Liquid in Mixed-Phase Orographic Clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 2:1017-1035. PNNL-SA-120578. doi:10.5194/acp-17-1017-2017
Fang Y., L. Leung, Z. Duan, M.S. Wigmosta, R.M. Maxwell, J.Q. Chambers, and J. Tomasella. 2017. "Influence of landscape heterogeneity on water availability to tropical forests in an Amazonian catchment and implications for modeling drought response." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 16:8410-8426. PNNL-SA-125270. doi:10.1002/2017JD027066
Gao Y., L. Leung, C. Zhao, and S.M. Hagos. 2017. "Sensitivity of U.S. Summer Precipitation to Model Resolution and Convective Parameterizations Across Gray Zone Resolutions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 5:2714-2733. PNNL-SA-120761. doi:10.1002/2016JD025896
He J., Y. Zhang, K. Wang, Y. Chen, L. Leung, J. Fan, and M. Li, et al. 2017. "Multi-year application of WRF-CAM5 over East Asia-Part I: Comprehensive evaluation and formation regimes of O3 and PM2.5." Atmospheric Environment 165. PNNL-SA-127848. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.015
Kassianov E.I., M.S. Pekour, C.J. Flynn, L.K. Berg, J. Beranek, A. Zelenyuk, and C. Zhao, et al. 2017. "Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Transpacific Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 5:1431-1443. PNNL-SA-118075. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-16-0256.1
Konapala G., A.K. Mishra, and L. Leung. 2017. "Changes in temporal variability of precipitation over land due to anthropogenic forcings." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 2:Article No. 024009. PNNL-SA-123268. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa568a
Koster R., A.K. Betts, P. Dirmeyer, M. Bierkens, K.E. Bennett, S.J. Dery, and J. Evans, et al. 2017. "Hydroclimatic Variability and Predictability: A Survey of Recent Research." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 7:3777-3798. PNNL-SA-124827. doi:10.5194/hess-21-3777-2017
Lau W., K. Kim, and L. Leung. 2017. "Changing circulation structure and precipitation characteristics in Asian monsoon regions: greenhouse warming vs. aerosol effects." Geoscience Letters 4, no. 1:28. PNNL-SA-131118. doi:10.1186/s40562-017-0094-3
Leng G., L. Leung, and M. Huang. 2017. "Significant impacts of irrigation water sources and methods on modeling irrigation effects in the ACME Land Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 9, no. 3:1665 - 1683. PNNL-SA-122834. doi:10.1002/2016MS000885
Luo X., H. Li, L. Leung, T.K. Tesfa, A. Getirana, F. Papa, and L.L. Hess. 2017. "Modeling surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin using MOSART-Inundation v1.0: impacts of geomorphological parameters and river flow representation." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 3:1233-1259. PNNL-SA-119428. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-1233-2017
Neiman P.J., N. Gaggini, C. Fairall, J.D. Aikins, J.R. Spackman, L. Leung, and J. Fan, et al. 2017. "An Analysis of Coordinated Observations from NOAA’s Ronald Brown Ship and G-IV Aircraft in a Landfalling Atmospheric River over the North Pacific during CalWater-2015." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 9:3647-3669. PNNL-SA-124497. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0055.1
Tan Z., L. Leung, H. Li, T.K. Tesfa, M. Vanmaercke, J. Poesen, and X. Zhang, et al. 2017. "A global data analysis for representing sediment and particulate organic carbon yield in Earth System Models." Water Resources Research 53, no. 12:10674-10700. PNNL-SA-130974. doi:10.1002/2017WR020806
Tesfa T.K., and L. Leung. 2017. "Exploring New Topography-based Subgrid Spatial Structures for Land Surface Modeling." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2:873-888. PNNL-SA-118783. doi:10.5194/gmd-10-873-2017
Voisin N., M.I. Hejazi, L. Leung, L. Liu, M. Huang, H. Li, and T.K. Tesfa. 2017. "Effects of spatially distributed sectoral water management on the redistribution of water resources in an integrated water model." Water Resources Research 53, no. 5:4253-4270. PNNL-SA-109215. doi:10.1002/2016WR019767
Wan W., J. Zhao, H. Li, A.K. Mishra, L. Leung, M.I. Hejazi, and W. Wang, et al. 2017. "Hydrological Drought in the Anthropocene: Impacts of Local Water Extraction and Reservoir Regulation in the U.S." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 21:11,313-11,328. PNNL-SA-121352. doi:10.1002/2017JD026899
Wang W., H. Li, L. Leung, W.Y. Yigzaw, J. Zhao, H. Lu, and Z. Deng, et al. 2017. "Nonlinear Filtering Effects of Reservoirs on the Flood Frequency Curves at the Regional Scale." Water Resources Research 53, no. 10:8277-8292. PNNL-SA-125216. doi:10.1002/2017WR020871
Wang W., H. Lu, L. Leung, H. Li, J. Zhao, F. Tian, and K. Yang, et al. 2017. "Dam construction in Lancang-Mekong River Basin could mitigate future flood risk from warming-induced intensified rainfall." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 20:10378-10386. PNNL-SA-127876. doi:10.1002/2017GL075037
Yang Q., L. Leung, J. Lu, Y. Lin, S.M. Hagos, K. Sakaguchi, and Y. Gao. 2017. "Exploring the effects of a nonhydrostatic dynamical core in high-resolution aquaplanet simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 6:3245-3265. PNNL-SA-124394. doi:10.1002/2016JD025287
Yang Q., R.A. Houze, L. Leung, and Z. Feng. 2017. "Environments of Long-lived Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Central United States in Convection Permitting Climate Simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 24:13,288-13,307. PNNL-SA-125741. doi:10.1002/2017JD027033
Yang X., L. Leung, N. Zhao, C. Zhao, Y. Qian, K. Hu, and X. Liu, et al. 2017. "Contribution of urbanization to the increase of extreme heat events in an urban agglomeration in East China." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 13:6940-6950. PNNL-SA-127213. doi:10.1002/2017GL074084
Ye S., H. Li, L. Leung, J. Guo, Q. Ran, Y. Demissie, and M. Sivapalan. 2017. "Understanding flood seasonality and its temporal shifts within the contiguous United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 7:1997-2009. PNNL-SA-126412. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-16-0207.1
Zhang K., R. Fu, R. Fu, M.J. Shaikh, S.J. Ghan, M. Wang, and L. Leung, et al. 2017. "Influence of Superparameterization and a Higher-Order Turbulence Closure on Rainfall Bias Over Amazonia in Community Atmosphere Model Version 5." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122, no. 18:9879-9902. PNNL-SA-123731. doi:10.1002/2017JD026576
Zhong S., Y. Qian, C. Zhao, L. Leung, H. Wang, B. Yang, and J. Fan, et al. 2017. "Urbanization-induced Urban Heat Island and Aerosol Effects on Climate Extremes in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 8:5439-5457. PNNL-SA-125598. doi:10.5194/acp-17-5439-2017

2016

Balaguru K., D.R. Judi, and L. Leung. 2016. "Future hurricane storm surge risk for the U.S. gulf and Florida coasts based on projections of thermodynamic potential intensity." Climatic Change 138, no. 1:99-110. PNNL-SA-114029. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1728-8
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, L. Leung, and K. Emanuel. 2016. "Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons." Nature Communications 7. PNNL-SA-116242. doi:10.1038/ncomms13670
Balaguru K., L. Leung, J. Lu, and G.R. Foltz. 2016. "A meridional dipole in pre-monsoon Bay of Bengal tropical cyclone activity induced by ENSO." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121, no. 12:6954-6968. PNNL-SA-113075. doi:10.1002/2016JD024936
Brunke M., P. Broxton, J. Pelletier, D. Gochis, P. Hazenberg, D.M. Lawrence, and L. Leung, et al. 2016. "Implementing and Evaluating Variable Soil Thickness in the Community Land Model, Version 4.5 (CLM4.5)." Journal of Climate 29, no. 9:3441-3461. PNNL-SA-109797. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0307.1
Feng Z., L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, R.A. Houze, C.D. Burleyson, and K. Balaguru. 2016. "More frequent intense and long-lived storms dominate the springtime trend in central U.S. rainfall." Nature Communications 7. PNNL-SA-122022. doi:10.1038/ncomms13429
Gao Y., J. Lu, and L. Leung. 2016. "Uncertainties in projecting future changes in atmospheric rivers and their impacts on heavy precipitation over Europe." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18:6711-6726. PNNL-SA-115660. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0088.1
Grotjahn R., R. Black, L. Leung, M.F. Wehner, M. Barlow, M. Bosilovich, and A. Gershunov, et al. 2016. "North American Extreme Temperature Events and Related Large Scale Meteorological Patterns: A Review of Statistical Methods, Dynamics, Modeling, and Trends." Climate Dynamics 46, no. 3:1151-1184. PNNL-SA-104682. doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2638-6
Haarsma R.J., M.J. Roberts, P.L. Vidale, C.A. Senior, A. Bellucci, Q. Bao, and P. Chang, et al. 2016. "High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 11:4185-4208. PNNL-SA-123045. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, J. Yoon, J. Lu, and Y. Gao. 2016. "A Projection of Changes in Landfilling Atmospheric River Frequency and Extreme Precipitation over Western North America from the Large Ensemble CESM Simulations." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 3:1357-1363. PNNL-SA-115451. doi:10.1002/2015GL067392
Hu Z., C. Zhao, J. Huang, L. Leung, Y. Qian, H. Yu, and L. Huang, et al. 2016. "Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: evaluation of quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 5:1725-1746. PNNL-SA-114413. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1725-2016
Leng G., M. Huang, N. Voisin, X. Zhang, G.R. Asrar, and L. Leung. 2016. "Emergence of new hydrologic regimes of surface water resources in the Conterminous United States under future warming." Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 11:Article No. 114003. PNNL-SA-117644. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114003
Leng G., X. Zhang, M. Huang, G.R. Asrar, and L. Leung. 2016. "The Role of Climate Covariability on Crop Yields in the Conterminous United States." Scientific Reports 6. PNNL-SA-116570. doi:10.1038/srep33160
Leng G., X. Zhang, M. Huang, Q. Yang, R. Rafique, G.R. Asrar, and L. Leung. 2016. "Simulating County-Level Crop Yields in the Conterminous United States Using the Community Land Model: the Effects of Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilization." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8, no. 4:1912-1931. PNNL-SA-116300. doi:10.1002/2016MS000645
Li S., L. Xiong, H. Li, L. Leung, and Y. Demissie. 2016. "Attributing runoff changes to climate variability and human activities: Uncertainty analysis using four monthly water balance models." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 30, no. 1:251-269. PNNL-SA-104608. doi:10.1007/s00477-015-1083-8
Nalli N.R., C.D. Barnet, T. Reale, Q. Liu, V.R. Morris, J.R. Spackman, and E. Joseph, et al. 2016. "Satellite sounder observations of contrasting Troposheric moisture transport regimes: Saharan air layers, Hadley cells, and atmospheric rivers." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 12:2997-3006. PNNL-SA-121128. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-16-0163.1
Ralph F.M., K.A. Prather, D. Cayan, J.R. Spackman, P.J. DeMott, M. Dettinger, and C. Fairall, et al. 2016. "CalWater Field Studies Designed to Quantify the Roles of Atmospheric Rivers and Aerosols in Modulating U.S. West Coast Precipitation in a Changing Climate." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 7:1209-1228. PNNL-SA-113078. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00043.1
Ren H., Z. Hou, M. Huang, J. Bao, Y. Sun, T.K. Tesfa, and L. Leung. 2016. "Classification of hydrological parameter sensitivity and evaluation of parameter transferability across 431 US MOPEX basins." Journal of Hydrology 536. PNNL-SA-105598. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.042
Sakaguchi K., J. Lu, L. Leung, C. Zhao, Y. Li, and S.M. Hagos. 2016. "Sources and Pathways of the Upscale Effects on the Southern Hemisphere Jet in MPAS-CAM4 Variable-Resolution Simulations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8, no. 4:1786-1805. PNNL-SA-120998. doi:10.1002/2016MS000743
Sakaguchi K., X. Zeng, L. Leung, and P. Shao. 2016. "Influence of dynamic vegetation on carbon-nitrogen cycle feedback in the Community Land Model (CLM4)." Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 12:124029. PNNL-SA-115218. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa51d9
Taraphdar S., P. Mukhopadhyay, L. Leung, and K. Landu. 2016. "Prediction Skill of Tropical Synoptic Scale Transients from ECMWF and NCEP Ensemble Prediction Systems." Mathematics of Climate and Weather Forecasting 2, no. 1:26-42. PNNL-SA-123191. doi:10.1515/mcwf-2016-0002
Voigt A., M. Biasutti, J. Scheff, J. Bader, S. Bordoni, F. Codron, and R.D. Dixon, et al. 2016. "The Tropical Rain belts with an Annual cycle and a Continent Model Intercomparison Project: TRACMIP." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8, no. 4:1868-1891. PNNL-SA-123120. doi:10.1002/2016MS000748
Voisin N., L. Leung, and M.I. Hejazi. 2016. "Drivers of Change in Managed Water Resources: Modeling the Impacts of Climate and Socioeconomic Changes Using the US Midwest as a Case Study." In Terrestrial Water Cycle and Climate Change: Natural and Human-Induced Impacts, edited by Q Tang and T Oki. 169-192. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-118569.
Wang L., Y. Qian, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, L. Leung, A. Huang, and C. Xiao. 2016. "Observed Variability of Summer Precipitation Pattern and Extreme Events in East China Associated with Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon." International Journal of Climatology 36, no. 8:2942-2957. PNNL-SA-108238. doi:10.1002/joc.4530
Xue Y., F. de Sales, W. Lau, A. Boone, K. Kim, C. Mechoso, and G. Wang, et al. 2016. "West African monsoon decadal variability and surface-related forcings: Second West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation Project Experiment (WAMME II)." Climate Dynamics 47, no. 11:3517-3545. PNNL-SA-112235. doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3224-2
Yang Y., J. Fan, L. Leung, C. Zhao, Z. Li, and D. Rosenfeld. 2016. "Mechanisms Contributing to Suppressed Precipitation in Mt. Hua of Central China, Part I: Mountain Valley Circulation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 3:1351-1366. PNNL-SA-115149. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0233.1
Yang Z., S. Taraphdar, T. Wang, L. Leung, and M.E. Grear. 2016. "Uncertainty and feasibility of dynamical downscaling for modeling tropical cyclones for storm surge simulation." Natural Hazards 84, no. 2:1161-1184. PNNL-SA-119692. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2482-y
Zhao B., K.N. Liou, Y. Gu, C. He, W.L. Lee, X. Chang, and Q. Li, et al. 2016. "Impact of buildings on surface solar radiation over urban Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 9:5841-5852. PNNL-SA-118376. doi:10.5194/acp-16-5841-2016
Zhao C., L. Leung, S. Park, S.M. Hagos, J. Lu, K. Sakaguchi, and J. Yoon, et al. 2016. "Exploring the impacts of physics and resolution on aqua-planet simulations from a non-hydrostatic global variable-resolution modeling framework." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8, no. 4:1751-1768. PNNL-SA-118452. doi:10.1002/2016MS000727

2015

Adam J.C., J.C. Stephens, S. Chung, M.P. Brady, R.D. Evans, C.E. Kruger, and B.K. Lamb, et al. 2015. "BioEarth: Envisioning and developing a new regional earth system model to inform natural and agricultural resource management." Climatic Change 129, no. 3-4:555-571. PNNL-SA-96311. doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1115-2
Balaguru K., G.R. Foltz, L. Leung, E. D'Asaro, K.A. Emanuel, H. Liu, and S.E. Zedler. 2015. "Dynamic Potential Intensity: An improved representation of the ocean’s impact on tropical cyclones." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 16:6739-6746. PNNL-SA-112691. doi:10.1002/2015GL064822
Bonfils C., B.D. Santer, T.J. Phillips, K. Marvel, L. Leung, C. Doutriaux, and A. Capotondi. 2015. "Relative Contributions of Mean-State Shifts and ENSO-Driven Variability to Precipitation Changes in a Warming Climate." Journal of Climate 28, no. 24:9997-10013. PNNL-SA-103893. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0341.1
Chen G., J. Lu, A.D. Burrows, and L. Leung. 2015. "Local finite-amplitude wave activity as an objective diagnostic of midlatitude extreme weather." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 24:10,952-10,960. PNNL-SA-116218. doi:10.1002/2015GL066959
Chen Y., Y. Zhang, J. Fan, L. Leung, Q. Zhang, and K. He. 2015. "Application of an Online-Coupled Regional Climate Model, WRF-CAM5, over East Asia for Examination of Ice Nucleation Schemes: Part I. Comprehensive Model Evaluation and Trend Analysis for 2006 and 2011." Climate 3, no. 3:627-667. PNNL-SA-113254. doi:10.3390/cli3030627
Clark M.P., Y. Fan, D.M. Lawrence, J.C. Adam, D. Bolster, D. Gochis, and R.P. Hooper, et al. 2015. "Improving the representation of hydrologic processes in Earth System Models." Water Resources Research 51, no. 8:5929-5956. PNNL-SA-108240. doi:10.1002/2015WR017096
Done J., G. Holland, C. Bruyere, L. Leung, and A. Suzuki-Parker. 2015. "Modeling High-Impact Weather and Climate: Lessons From a Tropical Cyclone Perspective." Climatic Change 129, no. 3-4:381-395. PNNL-SA-97267. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0954-6
Fan J., D. Rosenfeld, Y. Yang, C. Zhao, L. Leung, and Z. Li. 2015. "Substantial Contribution of Anthropogenic Air Pollution to Catastrophic Floods in Southwest China." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 14:6066-6075. PNNL-SA-106517. doi:10.1002/2015GL064479
Fang Y., C. Liu, and L. Leung. 2015. "Accelerating the spin-up of the coupled carbon and nitrogen cycle model in CLM4." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 3:781-789. PNNL-SA-106100. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-781-2015
Foltz G.R., K. Balaguru, and L. Leung. 2015. "A Reassessment of the Integrated Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Surface Chlorophyll in the Western Subtropical North Atlantic." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 4:1158-1164. PNNL-SA-105538. doi:10.1002/2015GL063222
Gao Y., J. Lu, L. Leung, Q. Yang, S.M. Hagos, and Y. Qian. 2015. "Dynamical and thermodynamical modulations of future changes in landfalling atmospheric rivers over North America." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 17:7179-7186. PNNL-SA-110116. doi:10.1002/2015GL065435
Gao Y., L. Leung, J. Lu, and G. Masato. 2015. "Persistent Cold Air Outbreaks over North America in a Warming Climate." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 4:Article No. 044001. PNNL-SA-103947. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044001
Gao Y., L. Leung, Y. Zhang, and L. Cuo. 2015. "Changes in Moisture Flux Over the Tibetan Plateau During 1979-2011: Insights from a High Resolution Simulation." Journal of Climate 28, no. 10:4185-4197. PNNL-SA-103892. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00581.1
Gao Y., L. Leung, Y. Zhang, and L. Cuo. 2015. "Changes in Moisture Flux over the Tibetan Plateau during 1979-2011: Insights from a High Resolution Simulation." Journal of Climate 28, no. 10:4185-4197. PNNL-SA-105032. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00581.1
Gao Y., X. Li, L. Leung, D. Chen, and J. Xu. 2015. "Aridity changes in the Tibetan Plateau in a warming climate." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 3:Article No. 034013. PNNL-SA-106739. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034013
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, Q. Yang, C. Zhao, and J. Lu. 2015. "Resolution and Dynamical Core Dependence of Atmospheric River Frequency in Global Model Simulations." Journal of Climate 28, no. 7:2764-2776. PNNL-SA-104683. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00567.1
He C., K.N. Liou, Y. Takano, R. Zhang, M.L. Zamora, P. Yang, and Q. Li, et al. 2015. "Variation of Radiative Properties During Black Carbon Aging: Theoretical and Experimental Intercomparison." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20:11967-11980. PNNL-SA-107010. doi:10.5194/acp-15-11967-2015
Hejazi M.I., N. Voisin, L. Liu, L.M. Bramer, D.C. Fortin, J.E. Hathaway, and M. Huang, et al. 2015. "21st Century United States Emissions Mitigation Could Increase Water Stress more than the Climate Change it is Mitigating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 112, no. 34:10635-10640. PNNL-SA-105956. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421675112
Kraucunas I.P., L.E. Clarke, J.A. Dirks, J.E. Hathaway, M.I. Hejazi, K.A. Hibbard, and M. Huang, et al. 2015. "Investigating the Nexus of Climate, Energy, Water, and Land at Decision-Relevant Scales: The Platform for Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis (PRIMA)." Climatic Change 129, no. 3-4:573-588. PNNL-SA-93553. doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1064-9
Lee W.L., Y. Gu, K.N. Liou, L. Leung, and H. Hsu. 2015. "A global model simulation for 3-D radiative transfer impact on surface hydrology over the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 10:5405-5413. PNNL-SA-111023. doi:10.5194/acp-15-5405-2015
Leng G., M. Huang, Q. Tang, and L. Leung. 2015. "A modeling study of irrigation effects on global surface water and groundwater resources under a changing climate." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 7, no. 3:1285-1304. PNNL-SA-105104. doi:10.1002/2015MS000437
Leng G., Q. Tang, M. Huang, and L. Leung. 2015. "A comparative analysis of the impacts of climate change and irrigation on land surface and subsurface hydrology in the North China Plain." Regional Environmental Change 15, no. 2:251-263. PNNL-SA-96424. doi:10.1007/s10113-014-0640-x
Leng G., Q. Tang, M. Huang, Y. Hong, and L. Leung. 2015. "Projected Changes in Mean and Interannual Variability of Surface Water over Continental China." Science China. Earth Sciences 58, no. 5:739-754. PNNL-SA-97291. doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4987-0
Li H., L. Leung, A. Getirana, M. Huang, H. Wu, Y. Xu, and J. Guo, et al. 2015. "Evaluating Global Streamflow Simulations by a Physically-based Routing Model Coupled with the Community Land Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 2:948-971. PNNL-SA-101748. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-14-0079.1
Li H., L. Leung, T.K. Tesfa, N. Voisin, M.I. Hejazi, L. Liu, and Y. Liu, et al. 2015. "Modeling stream temperature in the Anthropocene: An earth system modeling approach." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 7, no. 4:1661-1679. PNNL-SA-109347. doi:10.1002/2015MS000471
Liu W., J. Lu, L. Leung, S. Xie, Z. Liu, and J. Zhu. 2015. "The de-correlation of westerly winds and westerly-wind stress over the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum." Climate Dynamics 45, no. 11:3157-3168. PNNL-SA-101878. doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2530-4
Lu J., G. Chen, L. Leung, D.A. Burrows, Q. Yang, K. Sakaguchi, and S.M. Hagos. 2015. "Toward the Dynamical Convergence on the Jet Stream in Aquaplanet AGCMs." Journal of Climate 28, no. 17:6763-6782. PNNL-SA-111542. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00761.1
Mei R., M. Ashfaq, D. Rastogi, L. Leung, and F. Dominguez. 2015. "Dominating Controls for Wetter South Asian Summer Monsoon in the Twenty-First Century." Journal of Climate 28, no. 8:3400-3419. PNNL-SA-103075. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00355.1
Prein A., W. Langhans, G. Fosser, A. Ferrone, N. Ban, K. Goergen, and M. Keller, et al. 2015. "A review on regional convection-permitting climate modeling: Demonstrations, prospects, and challenges." Reviews of Geophysics 53, no. 2:323-361. PNNL-SA-106077. doi:10.1002/2014RG000475
Sakaguchi K., L. Leung, C. Zhao, Q. Yang, J. Lu, S.M. Hagos, and S. Rauscher, et al. 2015. "Exploring a Multi-resolution Approach Using AMIP Simulations." Journal of Climate 28, no. 14:5549-5574. PNNL-SA-106250. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00729.1
Taraphdar S., L. Leung, and S.M. Hagos. 2015. "Linkages of Remote Sea Surface Temperatures and Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity Mediated by the African Monsoon." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 2:572-578. PNNL-SA-105745. doi:10.1002/2014GL062600
Ye S., H. Li, S. Li, L. Leung, Y. Demissie, Q. Ran, and G. Blschl. 2015. "Vegetation regulation on streamflow intra-annual variability through adaption to climate variations." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 23:10307-10315. PNNL-SA-113359. doi:10.1002/2015GL066396
Yoon J., and L. Leung. 2015. "Assessing the relative influence of surface soil moisture and ENSO SST on precipitation predictability over the contiguous United States." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 12:5005-5013. PNNL-SA-110967. doi:10.1002/2015GL064139
Zhang Y., X. Zhang, K. Wang, J. He, L. Leung, J. Fan, and A. Nenes. 2015. "Incorporating an advanced aerosol activation parameterization into WRF-CAM5: Model evaluation and parameterization intercomparison." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120, no. 14:6952-6979. PNNL-SA-113221. doi:10.1002/2014JD023051
Zhang Y., Y. Chen, J. Fan, and L. Leung. 2015. "Application of an Online-Coupled Regional Climate Model, WRF-CAM5, over East Asia for Examination of Ice Nucleation Schemes: Part II. Sensitivity to Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Parameterizations and Dust Emissions." Climate 3, no. 3:753-774. PNNL-SA-113255. doi:10.3390/cli3030753
Zhong S., Y. Qian, C. Zhao, L. Leung, and X. Yang. 2015. "A Case Study of Urbanization Impact on Summer Precipitation in the Greater Beijing Metropolitan Area: Urban Heat Island Versus Aerosol Effects." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120, no. 20:10903-10914. PNNL-SA-111144. doi:10.1002/2015JD023753

2014

Ali M., S. Ye, H. Li, M. Huang, L. Leung, A. Fiori, and M. Sivapalan. 2014. "Regionalization of subsurface stormflow parameters of hydrologic models: Up-scaling from physically based numerical simulations at hillslope scale." Journal of Hydrology 519, no. Part A:683-698. PNNL-SA-98573. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.018
Balaguru K., S. Taraphdar, L. Leung, and G.R. Foltz. 2014. "Increase in the Intensity of Postmonsoon Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclones." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 10:3594-3601. PNNL-SA-101048. doi:10.1002/2014GL060197
Balaguru K., S. Taraphdar, L. Leung, G.R. Foltz, and J.A. Knaff. 2014. "Cyclone-cyclone Interactions through the Ocean Pathway." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 19:6855-6862. PNNL-SA-96628. doi:10.1002/2014GL061489
Cai X., Z. Yang, Y. Xia, M. Huang, H. Wei, L. Leung, and M. Ek. 2014. "Assessment of simulated water balance from Noah, Noah-MP, CLM, and VIC over CONUS using the NLDAS test bed." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 24:13,751-13,770. PNNL-SA-108379. doi:10.1002/2014JD022113
Chen S., C. Zhao, Y. Qian, L. Leung, J. Huang, Z. Huang, and J. Bi, et al. 2014. "Regional Modeling of Dust Mass Balance and Radiative Forcing over East Asia using WRF-Chem." Aeolian Research 15. PNNL-SA-96923. doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.02.001
Fan J., L. Leung, P.J. DeMott, J.M. Comstock, B. Singh, D. Rosenfeld, and J.M. Tomlinson, et al. 2014. "Corrigendum to Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution versus long-range transported dust published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 81-101, 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14. PNNL-SA-102971. doi:10.5194/acp-14-3063-2014
Fang Y., C. Liu, M. Huang, H. Li, and L. Leung. 2014. "Steady state estimation of soil organic carbon using satellite-derived canopy leaf area index." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 6, no. 4:1049-1064. PNNL-SA-101823. doi:10.1002/2014MS000331
Gao Y., C. Zhao, X. Liu, M. Zhang, and L. Leung. 2014. "WRF-Chem Simulations of Aerosols and Anthropogenic Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia." Atmospheric Environment 92. PNNL-SA-96927. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.038
Gao Y., L. Leung, J. Lu, Y. Liu, M. Huang, and Y. Qian. 2014. "Robust Spring Drying in the Southwestern U.S. and Seasonal Migration of Wet/Dry Patterns in a Warmer Climate." Geophysical Research Letters 41. PNNL-SA-100352. doi:10.1002/2014GL059562
Getirana A., E. Dutra, M. Guimberteau, J. Kam, H. Li, B. Decharme, and Z.J. Zhang, et al. 2014. "Water balance in the Amazon basin from a land surface model ensemble." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 6:2586-2614. PNNL-SA-101747. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-14-0068.1
Guo J., H. Li, L. Leung, S. Guo, P. Liu, and M. Sivapalan. 2014. "Links Between Flood Frequency and Annual Water Balance Behaviors: A Basis for Similarity and Regionalization." Water Resources Research 50, no. 2:937-953. PNNL-SA-96763. doi:10.1002/2013WR014374
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, W.I. Gustafson, and B. Singh. 2014. "Eddy Fluxes and Sensitivity of the Water Cycle to Spatial Resolution in Idealized Regional Aquaplanet Model Simulations." Climate Dynamics 42, no. 3-4:931-940. PNNL-SA-90821. doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1857-y
Hagos S.M., L. Leung, Y. Xue, A. Boone, F. de Sales, N. Neupane, and M. Huang, et al. 2014. "Assessment of Uncertainties in the Response of the African Monsoon Precipitation to Land Use change simulated by a regional model." Climate Dynamics 43, no. 9-10:2765-2775. PNNL-SA-96599. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2092-x
He C., Q. Li, K.N. Liou, Y. Takano, Y. Gu, L. Qi, and Y. Mao, et al. 2014. "Black Carbon Radiative Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 22:7806-7813. PNNL-SA-104979. doi:10.1002/2014GL062191
Hoerling M., J. Eischeid, A. Kumar, L. Leung, A. Mariotti, K. Mo, and S. Schubert, et al. 2014. "Causes and Predictability of the 2012 Great Plains Drought." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, no. 2:269-282. PNWD-SA-10097. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00055.1
Landu K., L. Leung, S.M. Hagos, V. Vinoj, S. Rauscher, T. Ringler, and M. Taylor. 2014. "The Dependence of ITCZ Structure on Model Resolution and Dynamical Core in Aquaplanet Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 6:2375-2385. PNNL-SA-95463. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00269.1
Lei H., M. Huang, L. Leung, D. Yang, X. Shi, J. Mao, and D.J. Hayes, et al. 2014. "Sensitivity of Global Terrestrial Gross Primary Production to Hydrologic States Simulated by the Community Land Model Using Two Runoff Parameterizations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 6, no. 3:658-679. PNNL-SA-97292. doi:10.1002/2013MS000252
Leng G., M. Huang, Q. Tang, H. Gao, and L. Leung. 2014. "Modeling the Effects of Groundwater-fed Irrigation on Terrestrial Hydrology over the Conterminous United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 3:957-972. PNNL-SA-94649. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-13-049.1
Lim K., J. Fan, L. Leung, P. Ma, B. Singh, C. Zhao, and Y. Zhang, et al. 2014. "Investigation of Aerosol Indirect Effects using a Cumulus Microphysics Parameterization in a Regional Climate Model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 2:906-926. PNNL-SA-98519. doi:10.1002/2013JD020958
Liou K.N., Y. Takano, C. He, P. Yang, L. Leung, Y. Gu, and W.L. Lee. 2014. "Stochastic Parameterization for Light Absorption by Internally Mixed BC/dust in Snow Grains for Application to Climate Models." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 12:7616-7632. PNNL-SA-101022. doi:10.1002/2014JD021665
Lu J., L. Leung, Q. Yang, G. Chen, W.D. Collins, F. Li, and Z. Hou, et al. 2014. "The Robust Dynamical Contribution to Precipitation Extremes in Idealized Warming Simulations across Model Resolutions." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 8:2971-2978. PNNL-SA-100968. doi:10.1002/2014GL059532
Penrod A., Y. Zhang, K. Wang, S.Y. Wu, and L. Leung. 2014. "Impacts of Future Climate and Emission Changes on U.S. Air Quality." Atmospheric Environment 89. PNNL-SA-97933. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.001
Tesfa T.K., H. Li, L. Leung, M. Huang, Y. Ke, Y. Sun, and Y. Liu. 2014. "A Subbasin-based framework to represent land surface processes in an Earth System Model." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3:947-963. PNNL-SA-94632. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-947-2014
Tesfa T.K., L. Leung, M. Huang, H. Li, N. Voisin, and M.S. Wigmosta. 2014. "Scalability of grid- and subbasin-based land surface modeling approaches for hydrologic simulations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119, no. 6:3166-3184. PNNL-SA-96701. doi:10.1002/2013JD020493
Yan H., Y. Qian, G. Lin, L. Leung, B. Yang, and Q. Fu. 2014. "Parametric Sensitivity and Calibration for Kain-Fritsch Convective Parameterization Scheme in the WRF Model." Climate Research 59, no. 2:135-147. PNNL-SA-95763. doi:10.3354/cr01213
Yang Q., L. Leung, S. Rauscher, T. Ringler, and M. Taylor. 2014. "Atmospheric Moisture Budget and Spatial Resolution Dependence of Precipitation Extremes in Aquaplanet Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 10:3565-3581. PNNL-SA-97223. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00468.1
Ye S., H. Li, M. Huang, M. Ali, G. Leng, L. Leung, and S. Wang, et al. 2014. "Regionalization of subsurface stormflow parameters of hydrologic models: Derivation from regional analysis of streamflow recession curves." Journal of Hydrology 519, no. Part A:670-682. PNNL-SA-98574. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.017
Zhao C., Z. Hu, Y. Qian, L. Leung, J. Huang, M. Huang, and J. Jin, et al. 2014. "Simulating Black Carbon and Dust and their Radiative Forcing in Seasonal Snow: A Case Study over North China with Field Campaign Measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 20:11475-11491. PNNL-SA-102414. doi:10.5194/acp-14-11475-2014

2013

Sun Y., Z. Hou, M. Huang, F. Tian, and L. Leung. 2013. "Inverse Modeling of Hydrologic Parameters Using Surface Flux and Runoff Observations in the Community Land Model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12:4995-5011. PNNL-SA-94605. doi:10.5194/hess-17-4995-2013
Yang B., Y. Qian, G. Lin, L. Leung, P.J. Rasch, G.J. Zhang, and S.A. McFarlane, et al. 2013. "Uncertainty Quantification and Parameter Tuning in the CAM5 Zhang-McFarlane Convection Scheme and Impact of Improved Convection on the Global Circulation and Climate." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 2:395-415. PNNL-SA-88207. doi:10.1029/2012JD018213

2012

Yoon J., L. Leung, and J. Correia Jr. 2012. "Comparison of Dynamically and Statistically Downscaled Seasonal Climate Forecasts for the Cold Season over the United States." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117, no. D21:D21109. PNWD-SA-9747. doi:10.1029/2012JD017650

2009

Khain A., L. Leung, B.H. Lynn, and S.J. Ghan. 2009. "Effects of aerosols on the dynamics and microphysics of squall lines simulated by spectral bin and bulk parameterization schemes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114, no. D22:Article No. D22203. PNWD-SA-8510. doi:10.1029/2009JD011902
Qian Y., S.J. Ghan, and L. Leung. 2009. "Downscaling hydroclimatic changes over the Western U.S. Based on CAM subgrid scheme and WRF regional climate simulations." International Journal of Climatology 30, no. 5:675-693. PNWD-SA-8304. doi:10.1002/joc.1928

2008

Adhikary B., s. Kulkarni, A. Dallura, Y. Tang, T. Chai, L. Leung, and Y. Qian, et al. 2008. "A regional scale chemical transport modeling of Asian aerosols with data assimilation of AOD observations using optimal interpolation technique." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 37:8600-8615. PNWD-SA-8119. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.031

2005

Leung L. 2005. "Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Mountain Water Resources in the Western U.S." In Global Change and Mountain Regions, Advances in Global Change Research, edited by UM Huber, HKM Bugmann, and MA Reasoner. 355-364. Dordrecht:Springer. PNNL-SA-37388.

2004

Easter R.C., S.J. Ghan, Y. Zhang, R.D. Saylor, E.G. Chapman, N.S. Laulainen, and H. Abdul-Razzak, et al. 2004. "MIRAGE: Model Description and Evaluation of Aerosols and Trace Gases." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 109, no. D20:D20210. PNWD-SA-5826. doi:10.1029/2004JD004571
Leung L., Y. Qian, X. Bian, W.M. Washington, J. Han, and J.O. Roads. 2004. "Mid-Century Ensemble Regional Climate Change Scenarios for the Western United States." Climatic Change 62, no. 1-3:75-113. PNNL-SA-37362.
Wong P.C., H.P. Foote, D.R. Adams, W.E. Cowley, L. Leung, and J.J. Thomas. 2004. "Visualizing Data Streams." In Visual and Spatial Analysis: Advances in Data Mining, Reasoning, and Problem Solving, edited by Boris Kovalerchuk and James Schwing. 265-291. Dordrecht:Springer. PNNL-SA-41466.
Wood A.W., L. Leung, V. Sridhar, and D.P. Lettenmaier. 2004. "Hydrologic Implications of Dynamical and Statistical Approaches to Downscaling Climate Model Outputs." Climatic Change 62, no. 1-3:189-216. PNNL-SA-37377.

2003

Leung L., and Y. Qian. 2003. "Changes in Seasonal and Extreme Hydrologic Conditions of the Georgia Basin/Puget Sound in an Ensemble Regional Climate Simulation for the Mid-Century." Canadian Water Resources Journal 28, no. 4:605-631. PNNL-SA-41326.
Leung L., and Y. Qian. 2003. "The Sensitivity of Precipitation and Snowpack Simulations to Model Resolution via Nesting in Regions of Complex Terrain." Journal of Hydrometeorology 4, no. 6:1025-1043. PNNL-SA-37337.
Leung L., L.O. Mearns, F. Giorgi, and R.L. Wilby. 2003. "Regional Climate Research: Needs and Opportunities." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84, no. 1:89-95. PNNL-SA-37372.
Leung L., Y. Qian, and X. Bian. 2003. "Hydroclimate of the Western United States Based on Observations and Regional Climate Simulations of 1981-2000. Part I: Seasonal Statistics." Journal of Climate 16, no. 12:1892-1911. PNNL-SA-35915.
Leung L., Y. Qian, J. Han, and J.O. Roads. 2003. "Intercomparison of Global Reanalyses and Regional Simulations of Cold Season Water Budgets in the Western United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 4, no. 6:1067-1087. PNNL-SA-37355.
Qian Y., L. Leung, S.J. Ghan, and F. Giorgi. 2003. "Regional Climate Effects of Aerosols Over China: Modeling and Observation." Tellus Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55, no. 4:914-934. PNNL-SA-37550.

2002

Chin G., L. Leung, K.L. Schuchardt, and D.K. Gracio. 2002. "New Paradigms in Problem Solving Environments for Scientific Computing." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 39-46. New York, New York:ACM Press. PNNL-SA-35737.
Leung L., X. Bian, and Y. Qian. 2002. "Long-Term Regional Climate Simulations Driven by Two Global Reanalyses and a GCM for the Western United States." In 4th International Scientific Conference on Global Energy and Water Cycle, 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 65-67. Boston, Massachusetts:American Meteorological Society. PNNL-SA-34823.
Thomson A.M., R.A. Brown, S.J. Ghan, R.C. Izaurralde, N.J. Rosenberg, and L. Leung. 2002. "Elevation dependence of winter wheat production in eastern Washington state with climate change: A methodological study." Climatic Change 54. PNNL-SA-35094.

2001

Ghan S.J., R.C. Easter, E.G. Chapman, H. Abdul-Razzak, H. Abdul-Razzak, Y. Zhang, and L. Leung, et al. 2001. "A Physically Based Estimate of Radiative Forcing by Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosol." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106, no. D6:5279-5293. PNWD-SA-5024. doi:10.1029/2000JD900503

2000

Wong P.C., H.P. Foote, L. Leung, D.R. Adams, and J.J. Thomas. 2000. "Data Signature and Visualization of Scientific Data Sets." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20, no. 2:12-15. PNNL-SA-32343.

1997

Ghan S.J., L. Leung, R.C. Easter, and H. Abdul-Razzak. 1997. "Prediction of Cloud Droplet Number in a General Circulation Model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 102, no. D18:21777-21794. PNNL-SA-28994. doi:10.1029/97JD01810